Qhov zoo tshaj plaws txoj kev uas yuav nce lub germination ntawm carrots. Yuav ua li cas lub txee lub neej ntawm noob cuam tshuam lub yield?

Noob germination yog ib qho tseem ceeb yam ntxwv uas qhia raws nraim li cas ntawm sown carrots yuav zus. Yog li, ua ntej yuav tsaws, kos rau qhov ntsuas no. Cia peb paub tseeb tias yuav siv cov germination li cas, nyob ntawm seb nws nyob li cas - thiab seb puas muaj peev xwm qee yam zoo li no ua ntej yuav tsaws pib.

Los ntawm tsab xov xwm koj yuav kawm txog dab tsi raug muab suav ua ntej thaum txiav txim siab cov kabmob, puas muaj qhov sib txawv hauv daim ntawv kuaj thiab daim teb, yog vim li cas nws yog qhov tseem ceeb kom kuaj nws ua ntej cog, thiab seb nws nyob ntawm lub neej txawb ntawm lub noob. Nrhiav txoj hau kev zoo tshaj plaws los ntsuam xyuas thiab ua rau kom cov kab txiav ntawm cov nroj tsuag.

Nws yog dab tsi?

Thawj zaug ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los txiav txim qhov tseeb hais tias germination ntawm noob yog feem ntau. Lo lus no yog hais txog qhov sib piv ntawm tag nrho cov noob thiab cov neeg ntawm lawv, uas nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob muab ib tug sprout. Yog tias koj noj 100 tawm ntawm cov noob txiv ntoo (los yog lwm cov nroj tsuag - cov kab ua si tau muab xam rau cov kab lis kev cai), muab tso rau hauv cov neeg mob uas tsim nyog thiab thaum thim rov los xyuas tias 87 leej tau tuaj yeem - nws txhais tau hais tias germination yog 87% rau cov khoom siv no.

Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum txiav txim siab npaum li cas germination tus nqi:

• Tej yam xwm txheejnyob rau hauv uas lub noob germinated.
• Sijhawm, rau uas lawv tsim seedlings.

Ob qho ntawd, thiab lwm rau txhua tus kab lis kev cai cais ntawm kev cog qoob loo yog txhais los ntawm lub xeev tus qauv kev cai.

Kuaj thiab thaj - dab tsi qhov txawv?

Germination yog ob hom:

1. Kuaj.
2. Teb.

Qhov txawv ntawm lawv yog raws li nram no.:

• Chav kuaj mob germination yog txiav txim siab hauv qhov kev kuaj hauv cov qauv. Cov kws kho mob tsuas ua li ntawd: siv ob peb qho qauv ntawm cov noob ntau (feem ntau tsawg kawg 4) nrog rau 100 noob txhua - thiab lawv mus kuaj hauv qhov chaw kuaj mob.
• Teb germination yog txiav txim siab ncaj qha rau tom teb tom qab cov noob qoob loo. Tag nrho tus naj npawb ntawm noob sown on lub cuab ntxhiab yog npaum li cas, tus naj npawb ntawm seedlings yog suav - thiab ces tus feem pua ​​germination yog xam. Yog hais tias tus cog twb nqa tawm ntawm lub teb, ces qhov kev xam pom tau nqa mus rau hauv tus account lub seeding nqi (lawv yog teem rau lub planter manually) thiab tus naj npawb ntawm tua nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam.

Kev tua kabmob (germination) yog ib txwm qis tshaj qhov kev sim. Hauv kev kuaj lub khob ntawm kev loj hlob tag nrho cov noob uas muaj peev xwm ntawm no raug kov. Nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob, inevitably, ib co ntawm cov noob los yog seedlings tuag los ntawm pests, kab mob, ua txhaum ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb engineering thiab lwm yam.

Qee qhov xwm txheej, qhov txawv yuav yog qhov loj heev - txog li 20-30%. Carrots yog ntawm cov nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv uas germination field yog txawv ntawm kev kuaj: improper sowing, pests los yog Frost muaj cuab kav, thiab kuj muaj peev xwm sawv cov noob.

Vim li cas nws tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas ua ntej nce mus?

Noob germination tso cai rau koj los mus txiav txim seb muaj pes tsawg tus seedlings yuav vam rau. Thiab qhov no, nyeg, tso cai rau:

1. Yam tsawg kawg roughly kwv yees qhov kev cia siab npaum li cas.
2. Txiav txim seb nws ua rau kev txiav txim zoo rau txhua tus los cog cov khoom noj no. Yog hais tias germination tsawg heev, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob siv nws: koj yuav siv sijhawm thiab kev siv zog, nyob hauv thaj chaw uas cog lwm yam.
3. Qhov siab dua lub germination tus nqi, qhov qis seeding tus nqi. Thaum lub carrot muab yam tsawg kawg 70% germination - lub noob yuav sown nyob rau ntawm tus nqi ntawm txog 0.5 g ib 1 square meter. m. Nrog ib tug tsawg germination nqi nce - txog li 1 g ib 1 square. m

Nws nyob ntawm seb nws nyob li cas?

Germination nyob ntawm cov nram qab no yam:

• Qhov zoo thiab kom loj hlob ntawm lub noob ntau. Yog hais tias lub noob twb harvested tsis paub tab, tsis meej cia, puas, lawv cov germination tus nqi yog significantly txo, nyob rau hauv qee yam mus rau zero.
• Tej yam kev mob uas cov noob tau muab cia. Yog hais tias ib tug batch ntawm cov noob raug khaws cia nrog ntev los yog txaus cua humidity, dhau heev lawm los yog tsawg kub - ib feem yuav inevitably tuag, thiab germination yuav txo.
• Cia sij hawm. Lub ntev lub noob uas raug khaws cia - cov ntau ntawm lawv tuag.

Yuav ua li cas sib cuam tshuam nrog txee lub neej?

Lub txee lub neej ntawm cov noob thiab feem pua ​​ntawm cov kab mob sib kis tau ncaj qha: cov txee lub neej hais txog lub sij hawm thaum lub caij noob noob qis qis dua cov cai uas tsim los ntawm lub xeev tus qauv los yog lwm cov ntawv txheem. Tsuas yog hais tias, cov noob uas tseem tuaj yeem germinate nyob rau hauv tseem ceeb qhov ntau yog xam tias tsim nyog, kev nkag mus rau hauv tus as khauj nyiaj.

Dab tsi yog lub niaj hnub txee lub neej?

Cov hnub tas sij hawm rau cov noob ntawm cov qoob loo feem ntau yog txiav txim los ntawm cov nroj tsuag cog thaum lub sijhawm sim. Cov kev tshwm sim ntawm lawv qhov kev soj ntsuam raug kaw tseg rau hauv cov phau ntawv siv, GOSTs thiab lwm cov ntaub ntawv ntxawg. Tshwj xeeb rau carrots, cov tswv teb cog feem ntau thov GOST 32592-2013, GOST 20290-74 thiab GOST 28676.8-90.

Tsis tas li, yuav tsum xav txog lub hnub ntawm ntim ntawm noob. Raws li qhov kev txiav txim ntawm kev muag khoom thiab kev thauj mus los ntawm noob (raug pom zoo los ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm Ministry of Agriculture ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation No. 707 ntawm 1999), lub neej txuag kev muag khoom yog nyob ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm lub ntim. Tib cov noob pob kws cov noob ntim rau hauv hnab ntawv thaum lub Kaum Hlis xyoo 2018 yuav siv tau mus txog thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2019.

Tab sis yog tias tib lub qub txeeg qub teg, muaj ob peb lub hlis nyob rau hauv qhov chaw khaws cia, yuav npaj rau thaum lub Ib Hlis xyoo 2019, thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis Ntuj yuav dhau los ntawm lub txee lub neej.

Yog li, nws ua raws li cov hauv qab no:

• Lub sij hawm thaum lub sij hawm uas cov noob ntawm carrots muaj peev xwm tseem sawv nyob rau hauv tseem ceeb qhov ntau - 3-4 xyoos los ntawm sau. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev xaiv yog 1-2 xyoos, tom qab no lub sij hawm nws yuav tsum tau nce lub seeding nqi tsawg kawg yog ib thiab ib nrab lub sij hawm.
• Humidity yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog 30% thiab tsis ntau tshaj 60%.
• Kub - los ntawm 12 mus rau 16 degrees.
• Noob yuav tsum tau muab khaws cia rau hauv ib pob pob opaque los yog hauv qhov chaw tsaus.

Yuav ua li cas mus xyuas lub noob?

Sprouting

Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua ntaub ntawv thov sai ua ntej qhov tseeb cog ntawm carrots. Nws zoo li no:

1. Nyob rau hauv ib lub dav tab sis ntiav zaub mov tso rau hauv qab ntawm lub qhov ncauj, on to top - ib tug rag folded ob peb zaug los ntawm linen los yog paj rwb ntaub.
2. On ib tug rag poob pw tsaug zog noob - maj mam, tusyees.
3. Rag soaked, tab sis yog li ntawd sawv nyob rau hauv qab ntawm dej tsis npog cov noob.
4. Cov tais diav uas npog nrog iav thiab khaws cia hauv qhov sov (uas yog, yam tsawg kawg 10 degrees). Nws pom zoo kom tig daim ntaub txhua txhua 12 teev.
5. Tom qab 2-4 hnub, koj yuav tsum xaiv cov noob uas tau los (nws yog kev pom zoo kom siv cov caws pliav - lawv yog me me hauv cov av qeeg) thiab siv rau cog.

Lwm txoj kev yog yooj yim, tab sis tso cai rau tsuas yog txiav txim siab lub germination, thiab tsis xaiv xaiv noob. Rau qhov no:

1. Nyob rau hauv ib lub thawv nrog ib tug ntom qab thiab tsawg sab tso ib txheej ntawm 2 cm ntawm av.
2. Ces sow carrot noob.

Tus xov tooj tsis tseem ceeb, tab sis nws zoo dua yog tias lawv muaj pes tsawg tus ntawm 100 los yog tsawg kawg 50 - thiaj li yooj yim xav txog cov kab mob. Cov av yog moistened thiab muab tso rau hauv ib qho chaw sov (nrog ib tug kub tsis qis tshaj li 20 degrees) rau 12-14 hnub. Tom qab ntawd, cov qoob loo tsuas yog suav.

Muab tso rau hauv dej

Noob raug muab tso rau hauv kwv yees li ntawm tib lub tais li hauv yav dhau los, muaj dej sov thiab khaws cia txog ib hnub. Tom qab ntawd lub noob yog drained, me ntsis qhuav thiab siv rau cog, xaiv cov neeg uas muaj hatch.

Hom no tsis yog ntau qhov kev ntsuam xyuas cov kabmob (txawm tias kev xaiv ua), ntau npaum licas. Yog li ntawd nws pom zoo kom siv cov dej tsis zoo, tab sis kev loj hlob hlob ntawm qhov siv tshuaj uas tus kws kho mob sau tseg.

Nrog rau ntaub hoob nab

Qhov no yog qhov yooj yim:

1. Mus nqa ntaub hoob nab (qhov yooj yim, tsis muaj dyes lossis flavors).
2. Nws yog pw tawm nyob rau hauv 4-6 txheej on ib phaj thiab richly moistened nrog dej sov.
3. Nyob rau txheej ntawm daim ntawv pw tawm lub noob ntawm qhov nqi ntawm 1 noob ib 1 square. saib
4. Lub khob ntim tso rau hauv qhov chaw sov so thiab muaj nyob, raws li nws dries, moisten daim ntawv.
5. Germination noob cog, thiab cov neeg laus tsis txais yuav.

Lwm qhov kev xaiv yog siv lub raj mis yas.:

1. Nws raug txiav kom ntev, 7-8 txheej ntawm daim ntawv muab tso rau hauv, moistened nrog ib tug sprinkler, thiab noob raug muab tso rau hauv (nyob rau ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 1.5-2 cm los ntawm txhua lwm yam.
2. Tom qab ntawd kev tsim kho yog khi nrog polyethylene thiab sab laug nyob rau hauv ib qhov chaw sov so rau 10-14 hnub. Watering yog tsis tsim nyog: qhov condensate tsim nyob rau hauv polyethylene txheej yuav tiv thaiv nws tus kheej.
3. Tom qab tsis kam noob qoob loo, cov tshuav ntxiv yog cov npaj txhij rau cog.

Saline daws

Txoj kev no tso cai rau koj los txiav txim siab npaum li cas germination, yuav ua li cas calibrate thiab discard unsuitable noob. Nws muaj cov hauv qab no:

1. Noob raug muab tso rau hauv ib lub tshuaj ntsev. Nws lub zog yuav tsum yog 5% (ib tug teaspoon ntawm ntsev ib liter ntawm dej).
2. Hnub nyoog li 40-60 feeb.
3. Tag nrho cov noob nroj tsuag raug muab pov tseg thiab pov tseg.
4. Cov tshuav ntxiv yog los ntawm lub ntsev rau hauv dej ntshiab, qhuav me ntsis thiab siv rau cog.

Piv txwv ntawm kev siv cov ntsiab lus

Yog hais tias ib pawg ntawm cov noob zaub ntug hauv paus tuaj sim, cov kev xaiv hauv qab no ua tau:

• Txim ntawm tog neeg. Qhov no yog ua tau yog hais tias lub germination raug siv nyob rau hauv hauv av - thiab nws pom germination hauv qab no 30%. Siv rau cog xws li cov noob tsis pom zoo.
• Nce seeding tus nqi. Qhov no yog ob qho tib si thaum sprouting nyob rau hauv cov av, thiab siv lwm txoj kev - feem ntau tsis tag nrho cov noob pawg ntawm ib tug gardener los yog ib tug ua liaj ua teb feem ntau sim. Yog hais tias germination yog li 50-70% - yuav tsum nce lub seeding nqi. Yog hais tias germination yog kwv yees nyob rau qib laboratory (uas yog, 90-95%) - koj siv tau tus qauv seeding tus nqi.
• Calibration ntawm cov noob thiab rejection ntawm unsuitable. Qhov kev xaiv no yog tsim nyog yog cov tshuaj saline siv: koj tuaj yeem muab tag nrho cov noob rau hauv nws. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, obviously unattractive (raug mob, khoob, thiab lwm yam) noob raug muab tshem tawm thiab cov seem yog siv rau cog. Txawm li cas los, peb yuav tsum nco ntsoov: soaking nyob rau hauv ntsev hais tias tsis muaj dab tsi txog germination. Nws tsuas tso cai rau koj tshem tawm txoj kev tsis zoo ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo.

Yuav ua li cas kom nce tus naj npawb ntawm seedlings?

Nws yuav tsum nco ntsoov: yog hais tias lub noob tuag, tsis muaj kev txiav txim yuav tsis cia lawv mus rau resurrect. Yog li ntawd, kev ntsuas kom nce germination yog tsom tsuas yog nyob rau tiv thaiv ntxiv tuag ntawm noob, calibrating uas twb muaj lawm thiab stimulating kev loj hlob. Cov hau kev yuav siv tau raws li nram no.:

• Tsau tawm hauv kev daws nrog kev pub mis ntxiv.
• Ua ntej kom yoojyim tshem cov roj zaub uas tshem tawm cov kab mob ntawm cov pa. Soaking yog nqa tawm rau 10-15 hnub nrog ib txwm hloov dej.
• Warming li
• Disinfection nyob rau hauv ib qho kev daws ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate.
• Pre-germination nyob rau ntawm ib tug kub ntawm 25-28 degrees.

Los ntawm germination ntawm noob nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg tus nroj tsuag uas yuav tau txais thaum lub sij hawm cog. Qhov siab dua lub germination tus nqi, qhov qis seeding tus nqi. Yog li ntawd, ua ntej sowing, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los calibrate lub noob thiab xyuas seb lawv muaj peev xwm ascend.