Viticulture yog massively faib nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam yav qab teb thiab southwestern ntawm Eurasia. Cov txiv hmab muaj nyob rau hauv peb cov kev noj haus tshiab, kev ua rau raisins, kua txiv, jam, wine thiab lwm yam dej haus. Grapes "Kuban" yog hais txog cov lus sib txawv, thiab pom tau tias zoo nyob rau cheeb tsam huab cua. Yog li ntawd, novice growers nyob rau hauv temperate climates yuav tsum paub cov yam ntxwv ntawm ntau yam thiab nws cultivation.
Keeb kwm ntawm yug me nyuam thiab faib ntawm ntau yam
Lub Anapa Zonal Experimental Station ntawm Viticulture thiab Winemaking thaum lub sij hawm nws ua hauj lwm tau tsim ib tug xov tooj ntawm zoo-tsim ntau yam: "Impulse", "Kadrinal", "Kuban", "Nadezhda Azos", "Hom Khadzhibey", "Fantasy". Lub pob zeb-xiav "Kuban" thiab "Nadezhda Azos" cov lus tau tsim nyob rau thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem los ntawm "Moldova" thiab "Cardinal" ntau yam.
Koj puas paub? Rau thawj lub sij hawm, txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv Asia hauv Iran thiab Iran 9000 xyoo dhau los. Cov Egyptians twb paub ua li cas kom tau raisins thiab wine los ntawm nws. Thiab cob nws cov ntau yam pib nyob rau hauv ancient Rome.
Thawj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv cheeb tsam Krasnodar hauv thaj av Anapa tau nteg ntawm General Pilenko hauv 1870. Qhov dav pom hais tias kev nyab xeeb ntawm thaj av ntawd yog heev uas zoo sib xws rau Fabkis lub xeev ntawm Champagne. Qhov no meant hais tias qhov kev mob rau loj hlob grapes mas zoo heev. Nws coj tuaj rau thaj av ntau yam ntawm Fabkis cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo (Sauvignon, Aligote, Chardonnay, Riesling) thiab agronomists uas yuav muab tau cov vaj txiv hmab nrog kev tu thiab txhawm rau siab yields.
Nyob rau xyoo 1922, lub AES raug tsim tawm los ntawm thaj av thiab ua haujlwm hauv thaj chaw yug me nyuam yog txuas ntxiv los ntawm cov cim ntxiv ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb. Tshiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam tau los ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb tau zoo los ntawm kev tsis haum rau frosts thiab kab mob, zoo saj zoo thiab ib tsos spectacular ntawm pawg.
Tshawb xyuas cov paj txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau tshaj: "Nyuj ntawm Dombkovskaya", "Julian", "Cabernet Sauvignon", "Kishmish", "Miv Fingers", "Nizina", "Gala", "Chardonnay" thiab "Girl".Qhov loj dua lub berries, sai dua lub grapes yog muag nyob rau hauv kev ua lag luam, thiab nws cov nqi nce significantly. Berries ntau yam "Kuban" muaj ib tug dub thiab xiav xim, muaj kua thiab fleshy pulp. Lawv saj yog qab zib thiab me ntsis qaub. Qhov nyhav ntawm txhua tus yog los ntawm 10 g rau 18 g. Qhov nyhav ntawm pawg yog 1-1.5 kg. Cov kev zoo no ua rau ntau yam hauv kev thov rau cultivation nyob rau hauv ntiav ua liaj ua teb nyob rau hauv chaw post Soviet.
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam "Kuban"
"Kuban" yog lub rooj ntau yam thaum ntxov kom loj hlob. Nyob rau hauv sab qab teb yog npaj rau kev siv nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub yim hli ntuj. Rau sab nraud zoo tib yam rau ntau yam "Arcadia", "Kuban" yog qee zaum hu ua "Black Arcadia". Lub npe hu ua ntau yam nyob hauv cov ntawv nyeem yog "Early Moldova".
Sprouts yog cog ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 2-3 m los ntawm txhua lwm yam, yog li ntawd cov stepchildren tsis cuam tshuam nrog lub neighboring bushes. Lub productivity ntawm bushes yog high school. Lub sij hawm ntawm ripening yog hais txog 120 hnub. Cov ripened txhais tes tsis tawm tsam nkawj.
Ib qho ntawm lub ntsiab nta ntawm ntau yam yog pawg me me (txog li 1.5 kg). Pawg ua ke tau zoo thauj thiab khaws cia. Thaum thauj lub berries tsis tawg ntho thiab tsis crumble, lawv muaj peev xwm tswj tau ib lub xeev marketable rau ib lub sij hawm ntev Cov ntau yam yog yooj yim heev los tswj, tsis tas yuav muaj tej yam kev mob rau kev loj hlob zoo. 
Bush thiab tua
Shrubs ntawm kev loj hlob sai zog nrog ntau fruiting on the stepsons. Cov load ntawm Bush 35-45 tua. Lub bushes yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm ib qho muaj zog pob tw thiab ceg nrog lub teeb ntsuab nplooj ntawm medium loj. Nws tuaj yeem paub tab txawm tias tsis muaj dej haus.
Koj puas paub? Txhua lub teb chaws muaj nws cov lus dab neeg piav txog keeb kwm ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Ib tus neeg txhais lus Persian txhais tau tias nws cov txiv hmab tau ntawm ib tug noog uas tau cawm dim los ntawm ib tug vaj ntxwv los ntawm ib tug nab. Lub pips twb cog thiab yielded ib tug sau ntawm grapes, los ntawm uas kua txiv tau ua.
Pawg thiab berries
Lub saj ntawm berries yog nplua nuj, Sweet thiab me ntsis qaub. Cov suab thaj cov ntsiab lus ntawm berries - 20%, acidity 5 g / l. Lub berries yog heev loj, oval-qe-puab, weighing los ntawm 10 g mus rau 18 g. Cov nqaij yog muaj kua, fleshy nrog loj cov pob txha. Saj qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm ripened txiv hmab txiv ntoo - 8.3 ntsiab lus. Daim tawv nqaij yog nyias, noj tau, muaj ntxhiab tsw. Qhov ntau muaj ib cov ntsiab lus ntawm vitamin C. Qhov nruab nrab pawg nyhav txog 1 kg. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm qhov txhuam ncav cuag 1.5 kg. Cov pawg hom yog friable, conical nrog ib tug nruab nrab ntom ntawm berries. 
Specifications Qib kawm
Shrubs txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo, nrog fruitful tua on ib Bush txog li 60%. Rau loj pawg ntawm bushes yuav tsum tau mus rau watered thiab pub zoo. Nws yog pom zoo kom tawm mus nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav nyob rau Bush 25-35 ob lub qhov muag, yog li ntawd raws li tau kom tsis txhob overload lub vine. Nws tolerates frosts thiab snowy winters nrog cua kub hauv qab -20 degrees. Kab Tsuag Kab Tsuag yog qhov nruab nrab. Txawm tias lub Frost tsis kam, ntau yam yuav tsum tau them rau lub caij ntuj no thiaj li tsis txhob khov. Tshwj xeeb inconveniences rau uncovered bushes yog xa los ntawm thaws los yog rains nrog ib tug ntse txias, raws li ib tug ntawm cov ntawv uas frost. Yog li ntawd, vaj tse yog qhov tsim nyog kom tsis txhob muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm ob lub raum los ntawm dej khov.
Cog txiv hmab "Kuban"
Tsaws yuav tsum yog hnub ci. Nws yuav tsum tau nco tias grapes loj hlob heev tsis zoo nyob rau hauv ntxoov ntxoo ntawm cov ntoo. Bushes tsis zam drafts thiab ntse txias cua. Yog li ntawd, rau qhov tsaws xaiv ntawm sab qab teb sab ntawm cov tuam tsev. Yog hais tias lub grapes yog cog rau ntawm lub cuab ntxhiab, ces koj yuav tsum tau xaiv ib qho chaw nyob rau ib toj. Tshaj dhau heev lawm nyob rau hauv lowlands, uas ua rau rotting ntawm lub keeb kwm thiab ua cog nyob rau hauv xws li qhov chaw impractical.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Cog nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no yog ua tau tsuas yog rau txias-resistant ntau yam uas withstand kub ntawm ib ncig -26 degrees thiab yuav mus rau unopen ntau yam. Tsuas yog xws li ib tug Bush tau ciaj sia lub caij ntuj no nrog ib tug tsis zoo paus paus system.
Hnub yuav tsaws
Cog cog qoob loo yuav tsum nqa tawm ntawm Lub Tsib Hlis mus rau Lub Yim Hli. Caij nplooj ntoos hlav cog rau pab tua kom noj paus thiab hloov ua ntej qhov pib ntawm lub caij ntuj no. Autumn cog yog siv rau cov neeg laus bushes. Cog yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv thaum sawv ntxov, 10 l ntawm dej yog poured nyob rau hauv txhua seedling. Cov huab cua hnub ci me ntsis zoo dua rau kev tsaws dua lwm yam. Yog hais tias tus cog poob rau ib lub sij hawm kub heev - ces cov nroj tsuag yuav tau mus yuav tsum tau watered ntau, thiaj li hais tias cov av tsis qhuav tawm.
Yuav ua li cas xaiv seedlings rau cog
Vegetative seedlings yog cog nyob rau hauv qhib hauv av nyob rau hauv lub Tsib Hlis thiab Lub Yim Hli. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg 5 qeeb txog 10 cm ntev thiab 1-2 tua txog 20 cm ntev.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom ntseeg tau tias muaj grapes kom huv thiab tu kom zoo. Mus saib xyuas cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo saib xyuas ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav rau lub caij nplooj zeeg.
Yuav ua li cas xaiv thiab npaj ib lub cuab yeej
Thaum npaj cov av rau cog, ib co ntawm kev ntsuas los txhim kho nws zoo yuav tsum tau. Ntom av yuav tsum tau dilution nrog xuab zeb, humus thiab compost. Nyob rau hauv qab ntawm trench los yog qhov dai nteg kua, ces ncuav fertile av nrog humus thiab tom qab cog lub Bush, poob pw tsaug zog nrog rau sab saum toj txheej ntawm av. 
Koj puas paub? Roman cov lus dab neeg hais tias Bachus, thaum pom ib tug hmab, txiav txim siab los cog nws hauv nws teb. Yuav kom vaj tse ib qho nroj tsuag ntawm lub hnub ci, nws cog nws hauv tus noog tus pob txha. Thaum cov lus, qhov pom loj tuaj thiab Bacchus ntim nws rau hauv cov pob txha ntawm tus tsov ntxhuav, tom qab ntawd ces mus rau hauv cov pob txha ntawm lub nroog Yeiuxalees. Yog li tam sim no, thaum ib tug neeg haus ib khob wine - nws hu nkauj zoo li ib tug noog, ntawm ob tsom iav yuav muaj zog, zoo li ib tug tsov ntxhuav, thiab los ntawm peb lub tsom iav dhau mus ua ib tug zag.Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam overgrown nrog weeds, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau nqa tawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm nroj (1.5-2 lub hlis ua ntej cog) nyob rau hauv txhua txoj kev: tshuaj los yog mechanical. Ua ntej lub caij ntuj no koj muaj peev xwm sow mustard nyob rau hauv lub site ntawm yav tom ntej vineyard, uas inhibits weeds.
Nyob rau hauv lub tiaj, cov kab no nteg ntawm sab qaum teb mus rau sab qab teb xwv kom muab kev zoo rau txhua yam kev tua. Nyob rau qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm lub toj, kab yog tso nyob rau toj siab kom zoo dua khaws cia cov av thaum lub sij hawm rains thiab lub qhovntsej thiaj tsis mob. 
Seedling cog tswvyim
Lub dav ntawm lub trench rau cog yog 1-2 m Qhov tob ntawm cog bushes yog 0.5 m. Qhov deb ntawm seedlings yog hais txog 2 m Qhov no deb muab txhua tua qhov tsim nyog tus nqi ntawm huab cua thiab lub teeb.
Organic chiv yog siv nyob rau ntawm tus nqi ntawm 1 thoob rau ib 1 sq.m. Yog hais tias qhov tsaws nyob rau hauv lub qhov, ces lub cheeb ntawm lub qhov yuav tsum yog 0.8 m, qhov tob yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav tsawg tshaj li 0.8 m. Ua ntej cog, 30-40 liv dej yog poured nyob rau hauv txhua Bush.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Qhov deb ntawm lub vine mus rau qhov ze tsob ntoo yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg tshaj li 5 m Thaum cog cog ze ntawm vaj tse, lub qhov yuav tsum yog los ntawm sab qab teb sab ntawm lub tsev yam tsawg 2 m ntawm nws.
Ntaus ntawm agrotechnology: yuav tu tus qib twg
"Kuban" yog lub hnub-nyiam ntau yam thiab yuav ua kom zoo nyob rau hauv tshav ntuj chaw sheltered ntawm cov cua. Rau ib tug ruaj sau, Bush yuav tsum zoo watered thiab fertilized.
Yuav tsum tau dej-recrarge dej yog nqa nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg, ob peb lub lis piam ua ntej sheltering ib tug Bush rau lub caij ntuj no. Thaum lub sij hawm zuj zus rau lub caij dej yuav nqa tawm raws li xav tau.
Tshuaj ywg dej thiab chiv
Lub ntsiab hom ntawm chiv thaum cog ib lub vaj txiv hmab:
- Organic: chiv thiab nqos;
- ntxhia pob zeb: superphosphate, poov tshuaj ntsev, ntoo tshauv;
- nitric - ammonium nitrate, urea, noog droppings.
Siv cov av qe, siv cov organic chiv: straw, pigeon droppings, Florex granulated nqaij qaib droppings, pob txha noj mov, ntses noj, whey, qos yaj ywm tev, compost, eggshell, txiv tsawb taum chiv thiab luam yeeb.
Chiv yog siv rau hauv qab ntawm lub furrow. Nrog ib tug txaus tus nqi ntawm noo noo, chiv yog thov ua ntej flowering, tom qab flowering thiab ua ntej maturation. Nco ntsoov thov cov organic fertilizer nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg (10-15 kg ib Bush).Nws tseem ceeb heev! Organic chiv yuav tsum tau mus thov ib zaug nyob rau hauv 3 xyoos. Lawv yuav ua hauj lwm zoo tshaj yog tias koj ua rau lawv nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm rotted.Watering yog nqa tawm los ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav mus rau lub caij nplooj zeeg nrog 100-150 litres ib square meter. Qhov no muab ib txwm av noo noo thiab tsim tej yam kev mob rau zoo fruiting.
Qhia koj tus kheej nrog rau qhov zoo ntawm kev siv dej tshuaj, nrog rau kev kawm kom paub npaj rau ib lub system ntawm cov dej ntws tawm ntawm lub dacha.
Pruning
Overwintered fab tom qab qhib tam sim ntawd khi rau kev them nyiaj yug. Tua raug khi ntawm cov kev sib koom ua ntu zus los muab kev kaj huv thiab tiv thaiv tau tus kab mob los ntawm fungi. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo xub khi horizontally.
Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov, barren stepchildren, uas yog tsim nyob rau hauv nplooj ntoos axils, raug muab tshem tawm. Rau zoo pruning nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau paub cov qauv ntawm grape Bush. On lub tes tsho ntawm Bush, xyoo vines ntawm uas hloov pob caus yog tsim tsim. Tua ntawm knots ntawm hloov yog txiav los ntawm 3-4 ob lub qhov muag, thiab 1-2 vines sab laug rau fruiting on sprouting sprout. Nyob rau hauv lub Autumn tom qab nplooj ntoos caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, pruning ntawm lub ntsiab feem ntawm tua thiab kev kho mob los ntawm pests yog nqa tawm. Tom qab ntawd, lub Bush yog them rau lub caij ntuj no. 
Kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov noog thiab nkawj
Tsis yog txhua hom yog sib npaug ntawm cov phom. Ntau yam "Kuban" tiv taus rau qhov zoo li no (yog txwv tsis tua nws). Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kab tsuag (nkawj, lub cim), hnab nylon los yog lwm yam khoom siv, hnav khaub ncaws rau txhua pawg, yoojyim rau kev siv. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm no txoj kev rau loj vineyards yog pom tseeb - nws yog ib lub cev impossibility kom muab tso rau qhov yuav tsum tau muaj pes tsawg tus ntsaws. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv xws li mob siv cuab.
Koj puas paub? Cov phom yog tsis muaj zog txaus rau tom qab berries, yog li ntawd yog kev pub noj xwb ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas twb raug puas lawm. Yog hais tias muaj xws li cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv pawg, nws yuav yooj yim tshem tawm lawv thiab tsis mus lure wasps.80% ntawm kev puas tsuaj yog kev ua si ntawm noog: sparrows, tits thiab lwm tus neeg thaj tsam ntawm lub teb. Yog xav tiv thaiv lawv, lub trellis yog pom zoo kom npog lub nylon nuv ntses net. Npog yuav tsum yog thaum cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nkag mus rau hauv lub ripening theem (kwv yees li 2 lub lis piam ua ntej sau). Lub vas yuav tiv thaiv cov qoob loo los ntawm 100%. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tsis tiv thaiv kev nkag mus ntawm huab cua thiab lub teeb.
Lub hnab rau kev tiv thaiv los ntawm kab thiab noogYuav ua li cas kom grapes thiab thaum twg
Sau yuav tsum nyob rau hauv hnub ci huab cua. Cov pawg yuav tsum qhuav. Yog li ntawd, yog hais tias nws rained, tos 1-2 hnub rau grapes kom qhuav kiag li. Lub xub ntiag ntawm noo noo adversely cuam tshuam lub preservation, tsis hais qib. Filmed grapes tsis tau yuav sab laug nyob rau hauv lub hnub - lub Berry softens thiab no thiaj li lawv kom zoo. Cov pawg yog txiav los ntawm pruners. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nrog ib txhais tes los txhawb ib pawg ntawm cov quav. Koj tsis tuaj yeem tuav ib pawg ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo: Ib pawg tuaj yeem ua kaspes thiab raug puas tsuaj. Rau stacking nyob rau hauv thawv, xaiv nyob tsis tswm pawg, spoiled berries on lawv raug txiav tawm nrog txiab.
Yog hais tias koj xav kom koj winemaking mus nqa qhov kev xav tau, nrhiav seb cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam uas tsim nyog rau wine.
Yuav ua li cas nkaum ib Bush rau lub caij ntuj no
Tom qab trimming lub bushes lawv raug npaj rau vaj tse rau lub caij ntuj no. Lub Bush yog khi nrog ib tug twine rau compactness thiab qhwv nrog zaj duab xis cov khoom. Lub hauv paus yog them nrog lub ntiaj teb nyob rau sab saum toj (txheej ntawm 7-10 cm). Zaj duab xis cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv cov ceg los ntawm pests thiab noo noo, thiab hauv av tiv thaiv khov.
Paub txog cov cai yooj yim ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas loj hlob, koj tuaj yeem tuaj yeem sau qoob loo zoo ib xyoos ib zaug rau koj tus kheej siv thiab muag. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kom ua tib zoo xyuas txhua theem ntawm tus txheej txheem, thiab tom qab ntawd ces qhov ntawd yuav dhau tag nrho cov kev cia siab.
Yees duab: Kuban txiv hmab txiv ntoo
Kev txheeb xyuas los ntawm lub network txog ntawm ntau yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo "Kuban"
