Soy yog khoom noj khoom haus thiab khoom noj khoom haus, nws yog siv los ua raw khoom rau industrial ntau lawm. Vim yog siab yields, muaj protein ntau thiab ntau hom kev siv, soybeans tau ua ubiquitous. Kev cog qoob loos ntiaj teb tuaj txog ze li 300 lab tons thiab tseem pheej loj hlob txhua xyoo. Yog xav paub seb yuav cog li cas rau ntawm koj lub vev xaib, peb tham ntxiv.
Kab lis kev cai piav
Hauv kev ua liaj ua teb, ib hom kua qaub yog nrov, uas muab faib ua 3 subspecies: Manchu, Japanese thiab Suav. Lub teb chaw ntawm no cog yog lub teb chaws East Asia, qhov uas nws tau cog rau ntau tshaj 7 txhiab xyoo. 
Tsos
Soybean belongs rau tsev neeg ntawm legumes thiab yog ib xyoo tshuaj ntsuab. Lub soj ciav yog branched, kis mus rau, nce 50-80 cm nyob rau hauv qhov siab, tab sis muaj cov kab ntsaum (nrog ib qhov siab ntawm lub qia txog 25 cm) thiab gigantic (nrog ib tug qhov siab ntawm lub qia txog li 2 m).
Cov phom tsev neeg muaj xws li cov nroj tsuag xws li clitoria, ntsuab taum, clover, herring taum, dawb taum, dolichos, noob nom noob tswv delonix, peas, lupins.
Hauv paus system yog pivotal, lub hauv paus paus yog luv luv, los ntawm ntau yam lateral kev ceg. Keeb kwm tuaj yeem nqus mus rau hauv av los ntawm 2 meters.
Cov nplooj yog trifoliate, sib txawv hauv cov duab thiab loj: lawv yuav ua tau los ntawm 1.5 mus rau 12 cm nyob rau hauv dav, ntawm 4 mus rau 18 cm nyob rau hauv ntev. Daim ntawv nws txawv los ntawm round, ovate mus lanceolate.
Paj yog nyob rau hauv lub axils ntawm nplooj, me me, dawb los yog liab doog, odorless. 
Pods txog li 6 cm nyob rau hauv ntev, lub teeb xim av los yog xim av daj, muaj 3-4 noob sab hauv. Soybean noob yuav ua tau daj, ntsuab, xim av los yog dub, oblong los yog sib npaug.
Yam ntxwv
Soybean muaj heev high loo, uas txuas ntxiv mus rau loj hlob ua tsaug rau kev ua hauj lwm ntawm breeders. Qhov nruab nrab tawm los ntawm no qoob loo ib hectare yog 2.2-2.6 tons, tiam sis nyob ntawm seb tus mob thiab kev kho mob, nce mus txog 4-4.5 tuj ntawm ib hectare yuav tsum tau tua.
Cov thawj coj ntawm lub ntiaj teb kev tsim thiab tawm ntawm cov taum pauv yog hauv teb chaws USA (30% ntawm ntiaj teb), Brazil thiab Argentina. Tsis tas li ntawd, taum pauv tuaj ntawm lub teb chaws East Asia (Tuam Tshoj, Indonesia, India), Ukraine thiab Russia, thiab lub tebchaws Latin America (Uruguay, Bolivia, Paraguay). 
Los ntawm duration ntawm lub caij loj hlob muaj xws li ntau yam:
- thaum ntxov maturing (80-100 hnub);
- thaum ntxov ripening (100-120 hnub);
- theem nrab ripening (120-140 hnub);
- lig ripening (140-150 hnub).
Koj puas paub? Tuam Tshoj siv ntau tshaj li ntawm 2/3 ntawm lub ntiaj teb kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Xws li ib qho loj loj rau cov khoom tsim los ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb kev lag luam thiab kev thov siab rau pub rau tsiaj txhu.
Kuv puas xav tau kua qaub ntawm lub tsev me
Yog li ntawd, qhov kev cai lij choj no tsis yog tshwj xeeb ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv lub caij ntuj sov; Ntxiv mus, thaum tib neeg hais txog nws, ntau tus neeg muaj kev phem koom haum nrog cov khoom noj khoom haus, uas ua tau tsuas yog kua.
Soybean suav hais tias yog ib thaj av qoob loo thiab nyob rau hauv feem ntau ntawm cov neeg mob nws tau loj hlob nyob rau hauv ib qho kev lag luam, tab sis nws yog ib qho ua tau kom loj hlob ib lub legume ntawm nws tus kheej lub cev. 
Muaj ob peb lub hauv paus rau qhov no:
- yooj yim ntawm cultivation;
- av purification ntawm cov nroj (raws li cov kua yog ib lub qoob loo tilled);
- av noo noo nrog nitrogen thiab cov as-ham rau ntxiv cultivation ntawm lwm cov qoob loo;
- zoo tawm los.
Yog xav tau ib tug nplua nuj sau, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau xaiv ntau yam nyob rau hauv raws li cov climatic tej yam kev mob ntawm lawv cheeb tsam.
Tshawb xyuas seb yog dab tsi soybean noj mov.
Tej yam kev mob rau cov taum loj hlob
Xaiv qhov chaw thiab cov av yuav zoo heev ntawm qhov yuav muaj qoob loo zoo. Nws kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev tshawb xyuas cov qoob loo uas cog hauv qhov chaw ua ntej ntxov, raws li cov kua tsw tsis sib xws nrog qee cov nroj tsuag. 
Xaiv qhov chaw
Qhov no nroj tsuag hlub lub teeb thiab sov so., ntawm cov ntsuas no yuav nyob ntawm qhov kev siv ntawm photosynthesis, txhim kho lom ntawm nitrogen, cov khoom noj khoom haus, thiab cov txiaj ntsim thaum kawg. Rau kev cog qoob loo koj yuav tsum xaiv qhov chaw zoo.
Nws kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev nco ntsoov tias cov kua yog ib tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov nroj tsuag luv luv. Qhov no txhais tau tias qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub sij hawm rau fruiting thiab flowering yog lub duration ntawm hmo ntuj lub sij hawm los ntawm 12 teev. Yog hais tias nruab hnub nrig nce, qhov tawg paj ntawm taum slows down.
Cov av uas yuav tsum tau
Nyob rau hauv dav dav, soybean yog tsis xav tau nyob rau hauv cov av - nws muaj peev xwm loj hlob nyob rau hauv txawm pluag Sandy xau, tab sis nws tawm los yuav tsis tshua muaj tsawg. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, cov nroj tsuag nws tus kheej pom hauv lub ntiaj teb dub thiab cov ntsej muag, zoo li cov av qeeg av av. 
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws yields ntawm grain thiab ntsuab qhov chaw yuav muab tau ntawm fertile xau nplua nuj hauv cov zaub mov thiab calcium, nrog zoo kua thiab cua pauv. Optimal cog cov nroj tsuag ntawm cov xau nrog ib qho nruab nrab los sis ib nyuag alkaline pH.
Kawm txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm av acidity, yuav ua li cas los txiav txim acidity, yuav ua li cas thiab ua li cas deoxidize.Tsis reclamation, soybean yuav tsum tsis txhob cog rau hauv cov hom av:
- on acidified xau;
- nyob rau hauv av hauv av;
- on ntses marshes.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Soybean yog rhiab heev rau cov khoom muaj nqis tshaj: kev pw hauv av thiab cov dej nyab sai sai ua rau lub hauv paus tsis muaj zog thiab ua rau cov zaub tsis zoo, ua rau cov qoob loo uas tsis muaj zog, mob siab thiab tsis zoo. Qee lub sij hawm ib qho muaj zog tshaj ntawm cov zom ntawm cov av tuaj yeem ua kom tag nrho qoob loo.
Nws tseem yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau saib xyuas ntawm caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg av npaj. Cov no suav nrog cov theem nram qab no: tev, plowing thiab fertilizing. Thawj theem ob yog muab loosening ntawm lub ntiaj teb, ua tsaug uas nws yog saturated nrog oxygen thiab tau tshem ntawm weeds, thiab nws ua yooj yim rau cov hauv paus hniav mus rau germinate. 
Raws li ib tug fertilizer koj yuav tsum tau ua humus. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, ua ntej cog qoob loo, koj yuav tsum tau muab lub ntiaj teb mus rau ib qhov tob ntawm 6 cm. Qhov no yuav khaws cov dej noo nyob rau hauv cov av, thaum kawg tshem cov nroj tsuag thiab theem qhov chaw rau ib qho yooj yim thiab ceev cog.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov thawj coj
Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab txoj kab, qhov zoo tshaj plaws precursors ntawm legumes yog xws li nroj tsuag:
- qos yaj ywm;
- qab zib beet;
- pob kws;
- nyom grasses;
- lub caij ntuj no nplej thiab lwm yam nplej.
Los ntawm txoj kev, cov qoob loo, thiab raws li millet yog zoo tshaj plaws cog rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm soybean cultivation, uas yog, nws yog tseem ceeb rau alternate cov nroj tsuag nyob rau tib daim av. Soy yuav cog rau ib zaj lus rau 2-3 xyoo yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov av.
Tom qab no lub sij hawm, cov av xav tau ib tug 2-xyoo so, thaum lub sij hawm uas cov av yog sown nrog ib tug txawv qoob loo. 
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom paub cov nroj tsuag cog qoob loo tom qab:
- cabbage ntawm ntau hom;
- rapeseed;
- sunflower;
- leguminous cov qoob loo;
- legumes (clover, alfalfa, qab zib clover).
Sowing cov cai
Kev ua raws li kev ua liaj ua teb yuav cia me me txawm tias thaj chaw me me yuav tau qoob loo ntawm cov khoom qab zib. Tom ntej, peb xav li cas los npaj lub noob thiab cov av, yuav ua li cas los xam lub sij hawm, thiab kuj pom tawm tswv yim ntawm cog soybean nroj tsuag.
Koj puas paub? Soy sauce, npaj los ntawm fermentation ntawm taum, muaj ib lub npe tshwj xeeb rau saj "umami". Umami - nqaij saj - yog suav hais tias yog ib qho ntawm lub hauv paus, nrog rau qab ntsev, qaub, qab zib thiab iab.
Lub sijhawm zoo
Lub caij sowing yog txiav txim siab los ntawm qhov degree ntawm cua sov ntawm lub upper txheej txheej. 
Nws yog qib siab cog cov nroj tsuag thaum lub ntiaj teb warms rau 10-15 ° C, txawm li ntawd los, yog hais tias muaj ib tug sai sai ua kom sov, lub kab lis kev cai muaj peev xwm yuav cog nyob rau ntawm ib tug kub ntawm 6-8 ° C.
Feem ntau, xws li qhov kub thiab txias yog teem rau thaum xaus ntawm lub Plaub Hlis - thawj ib nrab ntawm Lub Tsib Hlis, tab sis koj yuav tsum tau ua raws li cov huab cua ntawm koj cheeb tsam. Yog hais tias nyob rau theem ntawm germination ntawm tua Frost tshwm sim, sowing tej zaum yuav tuag.
Yog hais tias koj npaj yuav cog ob peb ntau yam, koj yuav tsum pib nrog lig lig thiab lub xeem cog thaum ntxov ripening hom.
Yog hais tias koj sow lub grain dhau lawm (nyob rau hauv txias av), qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm tus kab mob thiab kab tsim kev puas tsuaj nce significantly, lub bushes yuav qaug zog, ntev thiab neeg pluag rau taum. Nrog ib tug cog tseg cog lub sij hawm, seedlings tshwm rau 5-7 hnub. 
Yog hais tias tom qab 9 hnub tsis muaj germination, qhov no qhia cog cov nroj tsuag dhau lawm.
Noob npaj
Nyob rau hauv industrial tej yam kev mob ntawm cultivation, noob yog cog ua ntej cog nrog tshwj xeeb npaj, tus nqi ntawm uas yog xam ib ton ntawm noob. Ntawm chav kawm, nyob rau hauv tsev, thaum koj tuaj ua ke kom loj hlob ib tug heev me me ntawm legume nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv lub site, qhov no yog tsis tau.
Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj tau txais cov noob qoob zoo thiab muaj kev noj qab haus huv hauv cov khw muag khoom noj tshwj xeeb, kev tiv thaiv tshuaj yuav zam tau.
Yuav tsum npaj txheej txheem yog kev ua cov kua qaub ua kua microbiological. Ua tsaug rau cov txheej txheem, lub keeb kwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag yuav tau sau nrog nitrogen rau tag nrho loj hlob rau lub caij. Cov tshuaj yog muag hauv khw muag khoom tshwj xeeb rau lub vaj zaub thiab zaub vaj thiab muaj ob hom: cov tshuaj tsis muaj zog hauv qab peat puag thiab kua concentrates. 
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nco ntsoov tias koj yuav tsum ua cov noob ua ntej ua ntej sowing (12 teev). Tsis txhob cia lub hnub tawm tsam cov ntoo uas tau txais kev kho mob!
Sowing tswvyim
Kev tshaj tawm, cov nroj tsuag yog siv los cog cov khoom qab zib, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw me me, qhov txheej txheem no yuav ua rau manually. Nyob rau ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv nws yog tsim nyog los ua grooves, qhov deb nruab nrab ntawm uas yog txiav txim los ntawm ntau yam ntawm soybean thiab qhov loj ntawm lub Bush.
Rau feem ntau thaum ntxov ripening ntau yam, ib tug deb ntawm 20-40 cm yog txaus; Yog tias koj siv ntau hom qij txha-lig, qhov ze ntawm kab yog nce mus txog 60 cm. Moisten lub furrows nrog dej kub hauv chav.
Lub tob ntawm lub noob yog 3-5 cm - cog soy 6 cm thiab ntau tob yuav raug mob, vim hais tias koj yuav tsis tos rau seedlings. 
Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau soj ntsuam qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov noob mus txog 5 cm Qhov no nws yog ib qho zoo tuab ntawm sowing, tab sis nws yog tsim nyog mus rau hauv tus account tias ib co ntawm cov noob yuav tsis germinate. Yog hais tias lub seedlings yog heev tuab, lawv muaj peev xwm ib txwm yuav thinned tawm, ua kom lub deb nruab nrab ntawm tua kom 20 cm.
Nws yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub hlwb hais tias soybeans yuav tsum txaus qhov chaw thiab lub teeb rau qub kev loj hlob, yog li ntawd qhov deb ntawm bushes yuav tsum loj. Nroj tsuag yuav tsum tsis txhob saib txhua tus.
Saib xyuas kab lis kev cai
Txoj cai tswj hwm tseem ceeb muaj xws li:
- Watering Nyob rau hauv dav dav, soybean yog suav hais tias yog ib tug nroj tsuag drought-resistant thiab thaum xub thawj tsis xav tau ntxiv dej. Qhov loj tshaj plaws yog tias thaum lub sij hawm ntawm cog nyob rau hauv cov av yog txaus noo noo. Txawm li ntawd los, watering yuav tsim nyog pib txij thaum xaus ntawm lub rau hli ntuj, thaum soybeans muaj ib lub sij hawm dhia ntawm cos tsim, thiab nruab hnub kub ncav 30 ° C. Dej noj yog raws li nram no: 5 liters ib 1 m2.
- Mulching av. Cov txheej txheem no pab ceev cov dej noo hauv av. Rau mulching koj yuav siv tau humus los yog peat. Yog hais tias koj tsis nqa tawm mulching, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los loosen hauv av nrog ib tug hoe tom qab dej.
- Nroj tsuag tswj. Nws yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tseem ceeb kom tiv thaiv cov tsos ntawm maj nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv thawj lub hlis thiab ib nrab tom qab cog, txij li soybean sprouts yog tseem heev qaug zog thiab nroj tsuag tau yooj yim clog lawv. Cov qoob loo yuav raug tshem tawm los ntawm kev kho tshuaj los yog kev siv tshuaj. Tshuaj herbicides (piv txwv li, "Roundup") tuaj yeem siv ob zaug: ob peb hnub tom qab thiab ib hlis tom qab cog.
Cov tshuaj xws li "Butizan", "Singer", "Biceps Garant", "Herbitox", "Xaiv", "Targa Super", "Lintur", "Milagro", "Dicamba", "Granstar", "Helios", "Glyphos", "Banvel".
- Ntxig lossis xoob. Thawj txoj kev yog tsim rau cov cheeb tsam loj, qhov thib ob - rau kev ua ib thaj chaw compact. Harrowing yog nqa ob peb zaug: 4 hnub tom qab sowing, tom qab tsim ntawm ob nplooj (thaum lub germ ncav 15 cm) thiab tom qab tsim ntawm peb nplooj ntoos.
- Mob khaub thuas tiv thaiv. Hauv thawj lub asthiv tom qab cog, txhua lub caij nplooj ntoos zom zaws tuaj yeem nqes dej los ntawm ib tug menyuam yaus khov. Yog li, koj yuav tsum ua tib zoo saib xyuas huab cua - thaum raug mob khaub thuas txias rau -1 ° C, cov qoob loo yuav tsum them.
Harvesting
Tom qab 100-150 hnub los ntawm lub caij ntawm cog (nyob ntawm ntau yam), koj muaj peev xwm pib harvesting. 
Cov cim qhia ntawm kev ua pa
Thaum ntxov ripening ntau yam yuav tau harvested thaum ntxov raws li nrab-Lub yim hli ntuj; lig-ripening tsiaj ripen nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-lig Cuaj Hli.
Qhov tseeb tias lub sij hawm tau tuaj sau, tuaj yeem nrhiav tau ntawm cov hauv qab no:
- lub pods yog yooj yim faib thiab cov noob yog tsuas yog sib cais;
- cov nroj tsuag hloov daj;
- nplooj nplooj poob.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Koj tsis tuaj yeem ncua qhov sau qoob - txawm hais tias soybean pods tawg tsawg tshaj li lwm yam leguminous cov qoob loo, nrog ib tug nyob rau hauv ncua sij hawm harvesting tej zaum yuav muaj peev xwm loj ntawm taum.
Txoj kev ntxawm
Nyob rau ib qho kev lag luam, cov cav tov tshwj xeeb yog siv rau kev cog qoob loo, tab sis koj tuaj yeem siv cov qoob loo ntawm koj lub ntsiab. Nws tsis siv ntau lub sij hawm, thiab poob ntawm legumes yuav tsawg. 
Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj rau txiav (mow) cov nroj tsuag nyob ze lub hauv paus, tawm hauv paus hauv paus hauv av. Tshwj xeeb thickening cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv keeb kwm - microorganisms nyob muaj muaj txheej txheem nitrogen thiab enrich cov av nrog nws. Qhov no yuav muaj qhov zoo ntawm qhov sau qoob tom hauv cheeb tsam no.
Tom qab txiav, cov nroj tsuag muaj folded nyob rau hauv bunches thiab tshem tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug qhuav, zoo-ventilated chav rau ripening. Rau lub hom phiaj no koj tuaj yeem siv lub tsev los yog lub nthab.
Hom no zoo heev yog tias thaum lub sij hawm sau qoob loo muaj cov rains thiab cov noob tau muaj cov kab mob nrog noo noo heev. Tom qab ob peb lub lim piam, lub pods yuav threshed.
Soybean cia nta
Txoj cai loj ntawm lub sij hawm ntev cia ntawm soybeans yog tus tswj ntawm huab cua humidity. Qhov tseeb yog hais tias soy yog heev hygroscopic, vim hais tias cov av noo nyob rau hauv chav yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj ntau tshaj li 10-13%. 
Raws li cov cai no, lub txee lub neej ntawm legumes mus txog 1 xyoos. Yog tias cov av pwm 14% los sis ntau tshaj, lub txee lub neej ntawm qhov khoom raug txo mus txog 3 lub hlis.
Khaws cov noob hauv cov hnab ntaub los yog cov thawv ntawv hauv chaw tsaus nti. Rau lub hom phiaj no, ib lub pantry, qhuav cell, los yog ib lub sam thiaj glazed los yog lub txaj txaj ntawm chav ua noj yog qhov zoo tagnrho.
Ib co ob peb tseem ceeb cov cai rau kev vam meej ntawm kev khaws cia:
- taum yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo pov tseg thiab tshem tawm piam, lwj thiab puas ntsoog;
- Cia taum txhob mus lwm yam khoom noj;
- yog tias muaj ntxhiab tsw tau pib los ntawm cov kua, nws qhia tias qhov kev tua ntawm cov khoom.
From soybeans koj muaj peev xwm ua noj ntau yam ntawm lauj kaub tais diav, xws li nqaij hloov thiab xaus nrog kas fes. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho yooj yim kom ib txwm muaj ntawm tes lub stocks ntawm tseem ceeb taum khoom.Txawm hais tias muaj qee cov cuab yeej ua liaj ua teb, feem ntau, cov qoob loo ntawm cov taum pauv tsis yooj yim, thiab txawm tias lub caij pib lub caij ntuj sov tuaj yeem tau txais cov qoob loo zoo ntawm cov qoob loo no.
Cov tswv yim los ntawm cov neeg siv network
Sow thiab ntxuav soybeans, thiab ntau tshaj ib zaug. Sowing thiab loj hlob yog ib nrab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, txhua yam yog ntau dua los yog tsawg meej. Nrog tu cov teeb meem. Kuv tuaj yeem tsis tuaj yeem sai sai (Kuv muaj Dona), Vajtswv txwv 5 ha ib hnub, thiab tom qab ntawd yog lub teb yog huv. Losses tsis qaug zog (taum tawg thiab crumble txoj cai nyob rau hauv lub hau). Lub qia nws tus kheej yog zoo li hlua - thaum nws twb nias, tus nruas raug ntaus kom tias nws cov ncej kuj nyom. Muaj tsis muaj kev sib txig sib txig - cov kab taum qis qee zaum. Lub xyoo ua ntej tas los, muaj ib qho kev mob ntawm acacia hluav taws kub hauv Kuban, vim li ntawd kuv tsis tau txawm tias yuav tsum tau tu nws - Kuv tso tawm txhua yam. Thiab tawm los yog tsuas yog ib zaug nyob rau hauv 20. Yog li tsis txhua yam yog li kev lom zem. Tab sis xyoo no kuv yuav rov sow dua - tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv, hemp tsis pub.Valera23
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Sowed szp-3,6 ib lub 'meter' los ntawm 13-15pcs. tshaj Harmony weeds tab sis thaum ntxov theem. Pivot ib zaug sim zoo, tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov sib txig tom qab lub caij ntuj no, yog li ntawd nws yog qhov txawv tshaj plaw rau ntawm rab phom BI-58 ntxiv rau tus neeg hu rau. Ntau lub caij cog qoob loo, tab sis "Soybean Complex" tau pom zoo 70 32 units.CES
//forum.zol.ru/index.php?s=3f6f1cc8cfb3ed373744ee18052471a2&showtopic=4160&view=findpost&p=111340
