Russulae rau mus rau syruphose agaric nceb. Hauv tsev neeg no, muaj ntau tshaj 250 hom ntawm cov nceb, feem ntau uas haum rau tib neeg noj. Lub npe ntawm tsev neeg yog vim lub fact tias tsuas yog ib ob peb centuries dhau los, cov nceb tau siv txawm nyob rau hauv nws cov raw daim ntawv. Nyob rau hauv cov neeg, yuav luag tag nrho cov nceb nceb yog hu ua leishim nqaij. Mushroom pickers paub hais tias sau syroezhek ntog nyob rau hauv Lub rau hli ntuj-Lub kaum hli ntuj, thaum lub nceb yog kev sib tw thiab fragrant saj. Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav tham txog cov kev pabcuam thiab kev piam sij ntawm ruble, thiab txoj kev ntxuav thiab ua noj cov nqaij ntshiv.
Botanical piav qhia
Russula yog cov cwj pwm uas muaj peev xwm ua tau rau nceb. Lawv lub kaus mom thaum muaj hnub nyoog yau muaj qhov sib txawv, tab sis tom qab ntawd nws tiav thiab ncav cuag ib lub cheeb ntawm 10 centimeters los yog ntau dua. Mushrooms los ntawm tsev neeg no muaj peev xwm pom muaj nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua lub hav zoov: deciduous, Pine, birch. Tsis tas li ntawd, feem coob leej pom tau tias mushroom mushroom tuaj mus rau sab nraud ntawm txoj kev, nyob ze cov dej thiab cov noog.
Koj puas paub? Nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm Russia koj yuav nrhiav tau ib tug tiag tiag tsiv mushroom, uas yog hu ua plasmodium. Plasmodium yog, tau kawg, qeeb qeeb dua tus vaub kib, tab sis ob peb hnub nws tau nce ib lub me me.
Daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub hau yog matt, tsawg dua - ci iab, pleev xim rau hauv cov xim sib txawv. Qhov kev nkhaus ntawm lub hau yog cov caws pliav lossis qhov sib dhos. Lub kaus mom yog khov kho ntawm ceg. Qee lub sij hawm lub hau yuav tawg, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog yog hais tias fungus yog qub los yog yog muaj qis tshaj ntawm nag lossis daus hauv cheeb tsam. Phaj sprouted, nquag, branched. Nyob ntawm seb ntawm Syroezhkovs, cov phiaj yuav muaj kab los yog taw ntsej muag. Cov xim ntawm daim hlau mas nws txawv ntawm dawb mus qaub daj.
Leg syruzhek muaj ib tug ntom, du, cylindrical qauv. Feem ntau ntawm cov tsev neeg muaj cov ceg tawv dawb uas tsis muaj hnub kawg. Cov nqaij yog khawm xwb nyob rau hauv lub ceg, nyob rau hauv lub cap qhov ntom yog me ntsis me ntsis.
Cov nqaij yog txawv xim-dawb xim, tab sis qub nceb yuav hloov cov xim ntawm lub pulp. Nws muaj ib tug heev tsw tsw ntau, peb cov receptors Nquag ntes cov saj ntawm cov khoom plig. Yog tias koj ntes tau ib lub nceb nrog lub ntsim me me los yog qhov ntse, ces, feem ntau, koj tuaj tos ib tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov nqaij.
Cov nram qab no hom ntawm nceb yuav tsum yog cov neeg sawv cev tshaj plaws ntawm cov tsev neeg Syrmej:
- txhuam pob zeb (ntsuab). Mushroom pickers nco ntsoov tias tus neeg sawv cev ntawm tsev neeg yog cov tshaj plaws thiab qab ntsev, tsim rau txhua yam tswv yim ua noj thiab cov thawj coj. Nws cap muaj xim ntsuab-xim av thiab nce mus txog 12 cm inch. Nyob rau ntawm qhov kev txiav, cov kua txig tau txais ib qho rusty hawj;
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Saj toadstool zoo ib yam li lub greenish russula, uas yog ib qho mushroom mushroom. Tab sis muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb: qhov daj toadstool muaj ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab hauv lub hau.
- russula noj. Lub hau muaj ib qho tsis zoo ib yam, xim av brownish, ncav lub cheeb ntawm 8-10 cm. Cov ntug ntawm lub hau yuav ploj los yog ribbed. Cov nceb muaj ib qho tsis muaj zog ntses;
- russule xiav thiab daj. Differs nyob rau hauv ntau yam xim ntawm daim tawv nqaij nyob rau hauv lub hau. Xim tau ntshav, ntsuab-liab doog, maroon. Lub hau yog ci iab, mus txog 15 cm inch.
Cov nqi zog thiab cov calorie
Caloric ntsiab lus ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Syroezhkov tsev neeg yuav txawv ntawm 15 mus rau 20 kcal ib 100 g ntawm cov khoom (nyob ntawm seb hom). 100 g ntawm cov khoom muaj 0.7 g rog, 1.7 g ntawm proteins thiab 1.6 g ntawm carbohydrates. Dej hauv paus ntawm lub fungus yog 90%.
Xav paub ntau ntxiv txog cov kabmob morel, chanterelles, poplar kab, truffles, boletus nceb, boletus, aspen zoov, dawb podgruzdkah, boletus, boletus, ceps, suab agarics, boletus nceb, tsis.
Tshuaj Kex
Cov neeg nyob hauv cov neeg nyob hauv ntiaj teb no muaj cov nplaim, cov roj ntsha, mono / disaccharides, saturated thiab monounsaturated fatty acids, Omega-6 fatty acids, linoleic acid (belongs rau cov rog polyyunsaturated fatty acids). Vitamin muaj pes tsawg tus nplua nuj nyob rau hauv lub nram qab no pab txuas sib txuas tshuaj:
- ascorbic acid;
- thiamine (vitamin B1);
- tocopherol (vitamin E);
- Riboflavin (vitamin B2);
- nicotinic acid, niacin (vitamin PP).
Russulae yog cov nplua nuj tseem ceeb hauv cov zaub mov tseem ceeb:- ferum;
- magnesium;
- calcium uas;
- phosphorus;
- potassium;
- sodium
Kawm yuav ua li cas kom qhuav, pickle, khov nceb.
Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb
Russulae zoo txuam nrog cov zaub mov noj, raws li lawv muaj qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cov calorie ntau ntau. Lawv yog cov tseem ceeb rau ntau lub tseem ceeb functions hauv lub cev vim cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov vitamins thiab macro / microelements. Thiab vim muaj cov lecithin ntuj emulsifier, qhov nceb pulp thaiv cov deposition ntawm "teeb meem" roj cholesterol. 
Cov kev pab ntawm syroezhek yog raws li nram no:
- Lub ntuj nqus ntawm lub cev, ntxiv rau, saturates nrog ntau yam khoom siv. Tshuaj chiv los ntawm cov kab mob hauv cov ntswg muaj peev xwm nqus co toxins thiab muaj teeb meem radicals thiab tshem tawm ntawm lub cev;
- Muaj pes tsawg tus txiv hmab txiv ntoo rubula muaj ib qho tseem ceeb thiab cov khoom tsis muaj nyhav Rasulin, uas ua rau cov co cov dej khov mis.
- dej num zoo rau cov ntshav thiab cov kab mob hauv lub cev raws li tag nrho. Lecithin, vitamin C, magnesium, potassium thiab hlau ntxiv dag zog rau phab ntsa ntawm cov hlab ntsha, ua kom lub plawv ua hauj lwm zoo dua, nyias cov ntshav. Tsis tas li ntawd, hlau yog koom tes rau kev tsim kho cov qe ntshav liab - erythrocytes;
Koj puas paub? Mushroom tuaj yeem hu ua qhov loj tshaj plaws thiab hnyav tshaj plaws nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb. Qee qhov mycelium, nyob hauv av, nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm ntau pua hectares thiab muaj ib phaus ntawm ntau tshaj ib puas npaug!
- Mushroom kua txiv nquag sib zog nrog cov tawv nqaij ntawm lub luj taws. Lub qab zib tuaj yeem tawm tom qab tsuas yog ob peb zaug ntawm cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo;
- ib tug ua hauj lwm zoo nyob rau hauv plab hnyuv siab raum ntawm gastrointestinal ib puag ncig tshwm sim vim lub yooj yim absorption nyob rau hauv lub plab thiab hnyuv;
- niacin los yog cov tshuaj vitamin PP muaj cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv cov metabolic hauv lub cev;
- ua tsaug rau ascorbic acid, lub cev tsis muaj zog, uas tiv thaiv peb los ntawm ntau kis kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov vitamin C yuav pab daws cov kab xo ntawm cov kab hlau;
- Riboflavin tivthaiv tus kabmob ntawm lub cev los ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm lwm yam, ua rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov thyroid caj pas thiab kabmob tsis pom kev. Vitamin B2 kuj muaj kev txuam ntawm daim tawv nqaij, plaub hau, rau tes thiab cov hnyuv ntxig.
Ntawm chav kawm, russules tsis muaj tib zoo kho miraculous thaj chaw li, piv txwv li, zib mu los yog birch SAP. Tab sis xws li nceb kuj yooj yim absorbed los ntawm lub cev, lawv txo lub plab hnyuv hauv plab hnyuv siab raum, saturate lawv nrog cov vitamins thiab pab kom poob cov cov phaus ntxiv.Paub qhov twg nceb loj hlob ntawm cov ntoo, dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov nceb nce.
Kev tsim txom thiab kev tsis sib haum xeeb
Russula yuav tsis ua mob rau tib neeg lub cev, tshwj tsis yog tias koj noj lawv cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau txheeb xyuas ib daim ntawv teev cov khoom siv sib contraindications rau kev siv cov nceb:
- cov menyuam yaus tshaj 7 xyoo;
- tus tib neeg tsis pom zoo rau qhov khoom los ntawm lub cev. Qee tus neeg kuj yuav muaj kev fab tshuaj ntau yam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias cov nceb noj ntses;
- nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm loj pathologies ntawm lub plab, mob siab thiab ob lub raum, nceb noj tau tsuas yog tom qab kev ntuas tus kws kho mob;
- cov neeg uas mob plab, mob ntsws thiab pancreatitis raug txwv tsis pub siv cov nceb noj hauv lawv lub cev.
Rau cov me nyuam noj mov, nceb yuav tsum raug mus rau kev kho kom sov siab, vim tias cov kab mob hluas pom tej yam tshuaj ntawm cov kabmob ua cov kabmob txawv teb chaws.
Nutritionists ntseeg tias 150 g ntawm cov khoom yog suav txhua hnub ntawm cov koob txhaj tshuaj rau cov laus.. Nws yog nyob rau hauv no tsuas khoom hais tias nceb yuav pab tau thiab ua tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj.
Ua noj ua haus syroezhek
Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tsev neeg Russidae tau ua tau salted, hau, hau, braised, marinated. Lawv yuav pom qhov sib txig sib luag ntawm txhua tus neeg nyiam ua noj ua haus. Nceb yuav muab ntxiv rau kua zaub, zaub nyoos, ua pies thiab roasts raws li lawv.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Qhov feem ntau qab thiab noj qab nyob zoo russula yog cov tsis muaj xim liab los yog burgundy ntawm lub hau.Nws yog tsim nyog los ua noj nceb nyob rau hauv ob dej nrog pre-soaking nyob rau hauv salted dej. Nceb yuav tsum tau muab so rau 15-20 feeb. Yog tias koj xav kib lub txiv roj hmab hauv cov roj zaub, koj yuav tsum tau khawb lawv rau 5-7 feeb. Muaj ntau tshaj li ib lub teb noj zaub mov txawv rau kev ua li no.
Hauv qab no peb muab ib qho piv txwv ntawm salted russules: - Ntxuav lub nceb thiab tshem tawm cov khib nyiab pom ntawm lawv.
- 500 g ntawm syroezhek muab nyob rau hauv ib lub thawv rau pickling thiab ntxiv muaj 5 medium cloves ntawm qej thiab 2 tbsp. l ntsev (1 liter dej).
- Ntxiv tshuaj ntsuab thiab txuj lom (mint, dill, tarragon, basil, allspice, nplooj nplooj ntoos, thiab lwm yam).
- Cork ib lub khob thiab cia nws nyob hauv ib qho chaw txias, qhov chaw tsaus rau 10-12 xuab moos.
- Pab cov nceb mus rau saum rooj nrog rau txuj lom (koj tuaj yeem ua ntej nrog roj).
Kawm yuav ua li cas khov porcini nceb, oyster nceb, champignons, chanterelles, qus nceb.
Yuav ua li cas ntxuav lub russula
Ntxuav cov syruzhek yuav tsum tau nqa tawm raws li tus qauv tshuab:
- tu khib nyiab thiab cov nyom ntawm cov theem sau qoob rau hauv hav zoov (kuj muab pov tseg tag nrho cov khoom puas tsuaj thiab cov neeg ua phem);
- nyob rau hauv tsev, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog rau soak lub khoom sau kom tag nrho cov larvae thiab kab yuav tawm hauv qhov chaw mus rau qhov chaw;
- tom qab ntxuav nws yog tsim nyog los tshem tawm cov zaj duab xis los ntawm lub hau thiab txiav qhov qis dua ntawm ceg mus rau 1/3 ntawm nws ntev;
- Tom qab ntxuav, yaug cov nceb rov hauv qab dej.
Cia tej yam kev mob
Muab cov koomhaum uas tsis tau muab khaws cia kom tsis pub ntev tshaj tsib teev, raws li lawv muaj peev xwm hloov xim thiab poob lawv lub cev. Fried thiab boiled nceb yuav khaws cia rau hauv lub tub yees lossis ntawm lub sam thiaj (thaum lub caij ntuj no).
Salted thiab nyob kas poom los nceb yuav khaws cia ntev tshaj ib xyoo nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw tsaus, txias qhov chaw. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo qhuav yuav tsum muab cia rau hauv ntaub los yog cov hnab ntawv hauv qhov chaw qhuav qhov chaw uas huab cua txias tsis poob rau hauv qab + 15 ° C.
Them sai sai rau txawv txawv ntawm cuav boletus, npua, inedible nceb, daj ntseg toadstools, Dabntxwnyoog nce roob.
Lub ntsiab sib txawv ntawm cov khoom noj tau thiab inedible
Txhua tus neeg tuaj yeem yuav tsum paub cov cai tswj kev sib txawv ntawm cov khoom noj tau thiab cov pob txha, uas yuav tsum tau ua raws thaum khaws cov syroezhek. Ntawm no yog ib co ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm tus neeg sawv cev ntawm cov nceb hau:
- inedible nceb muaj cov yam ntxwv nqaij tawv nqaij thiab ib qho tsis hnov tsw tsw;
- lawv daim hlau yog ntxhib, ib daim tiab los yog zaj duab xis tuaj yeem nyob rau ceg;
- qhov kawg ntawm tus taw yog xim liab lossis nws ntxoov ntxoo;
- lub ci xim ntawm lub hau nrog txawv ntxoov cim ntau poisonous hom ntawm nceb, tab sis nrog no xim muaj ib co edible russines;
- thaum lub sij hawm tshav kub kho, qhov nceb mushroom ntawm cov neeg lom neeg ntawm tsev neeg hloov xim.
Koj puas paub? Nceb yog tej zaum tus kab mob tsuas muaj peev xwm tuag taus nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob loj (tsis muaj cua, nyob hauv koob tshuaj tawg thiab muaj zog atmospheric siab).
Cov cai no yuav tsis pab tau txhua tus neeg tuaj de nceb, tab sis kev paub los ntawm kev paub. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tsis tau muab koj tus nqi ntawm kev noj qab haus huv, ua tib zoo nyeem cov duab ntawm edible thiab inedible syroezhek. Nqa cov neeg de nceb muag mus rau tom hav zoov thawj zaug thiab nrog lawv tham.
Thaum kawg, kuv xav nco ntsoov tias tus mob paj hlwb yog ib hom kab mob zoo nkauj hauv peb lub teb chaws, thiab yog tias koj tsis muaj sij hawm los xaiv koj tus kheej nceb, ces thaum lub Yim Hli Ntuj-Cuaj hlis koj tuaj yeem nrhiav tau ntawm lub khw. Tsuas nco qab cov cai tswj kev tu thiab qhov txawv txaav nceb ntawm cov tshuaj lom kom tau txais cov zaub mov, thiab tsis yog lub tsev kho mob kua zaub.
