Nyob rau hauv ib ncig ntawm peb lub teb chaws, ua ntej pib ntawm xyoo kaum ob ntawm lub xyoo pua 21st, tsis muaj kab mob ntawm cov txiv mog raug pom. Mus txog 2009, ntau gardeners feem ntau tsis meej pem ntawm qhov pom ntawm xws li ib tug kab mob ntawm pear. Lawv tsis paub yuav kho li cas kom tsob ntoo, thiab ua li cas rau nws. Tab sis tam sim no peb yuav kam nrog qhov teeb meem no rau ntau yam.
Kab mob piav qhia
Kab mob hlawv - ib yam kab mob ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, uas yog thoob plaws hauv Australia, Tebchaws USA, Canada, Nyiv thiab qee lub tebchaws Europe. 
Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los, tus kab mob no tau tshwm nyob rau hauv Western Ukraine. Kab mob ntawm cov kab mob feem ntau raug rau cov nroj tsuag ntawm Rosaceae. Nyiaj muas, tua, nplooj, keeb kwm, txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog cuam tshuam.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv lub qub vaj teb yuav luag txhua cov nroj tsuag muaj tus kab mob nrog ib tug kab mob hlawv, ces cog ib seedling nyob rau hauv no qhov chaw nrog luag 100% qhov tseeb yuav ua rau nws cov kab mob.Qhov no muaj tus kab mob cuam tshuam lub paj thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Tom qab hais tias lawv wither, thiab tom qab ntawd lawv qhuav thiab nyob twj ywm ntawm tsob ntoo kom txog thaum lig Autumn. Kab mob kis los ntawm qhov cuam tshuam paj thiab tua. Yog li, tag nrho pear yog cuam tshuam.
Tus kab mob no yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob los ntawm genus Ervini "Erwinia amylovora". Qhov chaw yug ntawm tus kab mob no yog xav txog North America, los ntawm qhov chaw tus kab mob kis tau thoob plaws hauv lub ntiaj teb. 
Qhov loj tshaj ntawm cov ntoo txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas raug ntaus los ntawm cov kab mob tua tau raug kaw hauv Australia thiab New Zealand.
Tsis ntev cov kab mob kis mus rau Nyiv, qhov chaw uas lawv tau pib mob ua pear ntoo. Japanese agronomists rau ib lub sij hawm ntev yuav tsis to taub qhov ua rau ntawm tus kab mob ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntoo, thiab tsuas yog ib ob peb xyoos tom qab ib tug neeg kawm xaib txiav txim qhov ua rau ntawm tus kab mob - gram tsis zoo aerobic.
Ntsuam xyuas dej qab kuj yog: "Just Maria", "Kokinskaya", "Chizhovskaya", "Talgar Beauty", "Forest Beauty", "Lada", pear "In Memory of Zhegalov", "Nika", "Children", "Bergamot" "," Rogneda "," Otradnenskaya "," Duchess ".
Thawj cov cim ntawm kev mob
Feem ntau, tus kab mob no yog kuaj pom thaum lub sij hawm flowering ntawm pears. Cov paj saum tsob ntoo xub thawj, thiab mam li dheev qhuav thiab tig dub, thiab lawv tsis poob tawm cov ceg ntev. 
Thaum cov paj twb raug cuam tshuam, cov kab mob pib huaj vam thoob hauv tsob ntoo, cuam tshuam cov nplooj, cov ceg ntoo, cov tawv ntoo, cov hauv paus, thiab lwm yam. Tom qab qhov no, cov tawv ntoo yuav ua dej ua kua thiab tau txais ib qho xim ntsuab ntsuab.
Nplooj uas muaj tus kab mob, qhuav tawm thiab tig tsaus xim av. Thiab feem ntau nthuav tshaj plaws yog hais tias lawv nyob twj ywm rau ntawm ceg thoob plaws hauv lub loj hlob rau lub caij.
Koj puas paub? Thawj thawj zaug, muaj kab mob ntawm cov kab mob hauv cov teb chaws USA tom kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua paub.Raws li ib txoj cai, thaum xub thawj nplooj dub tsuas rau ib qho tua (lawv yog cov mus rau hauv ib lub raj). Tom qab ntawd tag nrho tua yog xav tsis thoob, uas dries tawm thiab tuag sai sai. Tsis ntev tom qab cov kab mob pib kis mus rau lwm qhov ntawm pear. Qee zaum, qhov no ua rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov ntoo me.
Kab mob pear ntawm cov kab mob yuav raug txiav txim siab hauv qhov kev kuaj sim. Ua li no, koj xav tau ib tug qhuav tua los yog ob peb qhuav nplooj.Tus tua raug muab rau cov kev pab cuam quarantine, uas tso cai los yog refute muaj cov kab mob ntawm cov genus Ervini. Rau qhov no yog siv xws li txoj kev: Clement reaction, Gram stain lossis molecular methods.
Qhov ua rau mob kab mob
Lub ntsiab ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob tseem ceeb yog xam tias yog loo. Thaum lub sij hawm loj hlob rau lub caij no, cov kab no noj rau exudate (mucous kua).
Cov kua no yog tawm los ntawm tsob ntoo pear rau cov chaw uas cuam tshuam los ntawm cov kab mob. Yog li ntawd, nkawj ua rau ntau plhom tus kab mob mus rau lwm cov ntoo. Qhov no yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txaus ntshai thaum muaj coob tus tub ntxhais hluas pear seedlings loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub vaj teb.
Tus kab mob no tuaj yeem kis tau rau hauv cov hauv paus cag (thaum raug cov ntoo hauv vaj teb loj hlob ze rau ib leeg). Gardeners feem ntau xav hais tias lub keeb kwm cuam tshuam rau hauv paus hauv paus rot, yog li lawv tsis quav ntsej ib tug txaus ntshai tus kab mob. 
Qee lub sij hawm ntawm amber los yog mis nyuj xim muaj peev xwm pom nyob rau hauv tshuam thiab nplooj pear. Cov kab mob no muaj ob peb lab kab mob uas kis rau lwm cov ntoo los ntawm yoov thiab lwm yam kab.
Qhov ua rau tus kab mob uas muaj kab mob ntawm cov kab mob tuaj yeem yog cua hlob, los nag lossis pos huab. Cov huab cua phem muaj peev xwm ua kom kis tau cov kab mob uas muaj kab mob rau cov paj thiab cov nplooj ntawm lwm yam nroj tsuag.
Kev kho mob
Yog tias koj pom cov cim ntawm cov kab mob ntawm koj cov txiv qhwv, ces, ua ntej ntawm tag nrho, koj yuav tsum tshem tawm cov blackened tua thiab nplooj, thiab tom qab ntawd hlawv lawv. Cov kab mob cuam tshuam no raug kub hnyiab kom thiaj li tua tau tag nrho cov kab mob ntawm nws (lawv tuag ntawm qhov kub saum toj no 43.7 ° C).
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Yog hais tias koj tau koom nyob rau hauv beekeeping, ces tus Hive yuav tsum tau muab tso tawm los ntawm pear seedlings.Lub cheeb tsam ntawm cov kab mob yuav tsum tau lim dej nrog tooj liab oxide los sis tooj liab sulphate. Yog hais tias lub seedling twb ua tiav tua los ntawm ib tug kab mob hlawv, ces nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom cog ntoo tshiab rau tom ntej ob xyoos.
Cov kab mob pear ntawm cov kab mob yuav kho tau cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Gardeners los ntawm Western Cov teb chaws Europe tau siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob ntev ntev, vim lawv tsis pom cov nyhuv loj los ntawm kev npaj tshuaj tooj liab. Cov tshuaj tua kab mob, cov kab mob terramycin thiab streptomycin kuj nrov heev.Tsis txhob ntshai siv cov tshuaj no. Piv txwv, streptomycin tsis tau siv los ntawm cov kws kho mob ntev heev. Tus kab mob human pathological tau ntev txij li tsim kev tiv thaiv rau cov tshuaj no, yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov tsis zoo rau lub cev.
Tab sis rau cov kab mob uas kis cov ntoo, hauv particular rau Erwinia amylovoraCov tshuaj tua kab mob no yog rab phom tua tuag. Thov nws zoo li qhov no: ib qho ampoule ib 5 liv dej; xws li ib tug daws yog txaus rau sprinkle kaum pear seedlings. 
Tab sis nws tsis tas yuav siv cov tshuaj streptomycin rau ntau tshaj 2 xyoos uake. Tom qab qee lub sij hawm, cov kab mob yuav tsim muaj kev tiv thaiv rau nws, thiab lawv yuav tsum tuag los ntawm qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Hauv qhov no, tetracycline yuav siv tau. Nws yuav tsum tau diluted li streptomycin.
Koj puas paub? Cov kab mob uas tsim pear hlawv pib tsim kev kub ceev hauv cov kub dua 18º C.Kab mob pear dej yuav tsum muaj kev kho kom zoo hauv cov theem pib. Tsis li, tus kab mob no tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov ntoo nyob ze.
Kev Tiv Thaiv
Yog tias pom muaj cov kab mob pear pear thaum lub caij nyoog, tsob ntoo tuaj yeem kho tsis tau qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb. Kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb heev.
Kev xaiv xaiv ntawm seedlings
Thaum xaiv pear seedlings, koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau ceg, nplooj, trunks thiab keeb kwm. Cov kab yuav tsum ua kom zoo, thiab twigs yog noj qab haus huv (tsis muaj pob, hlwv, ntws thiab kua txiv).
Yog hais tias muaj blackened nplooj on tsob ntoo, ces qhov no yog thawj kos npe ntawm seedling tus kab mob. Cov hauv paus hniav yuav tsum noj qab nyob zoo (ib nrab-lignified, yam uas tsis muaj rot). 
Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws mus yuav grafted seedlings. Lawv yog qhov zoo los ntawm drought tolerance thiab zoo tiv thaiv rau qee cov kab mob.
Vaj Kab Tsuag Tswj
Thaum twg ib tug pear blooms, nws yuav tsum tau kho nrog ib tus kab mob antibacterial. Ua li no, siv Bordeaux kua, uas muaj ib tug cwj pwm xiav xim. 
Los npaj cov dej no koj xav tau: 10 litres dej, 100 g ntawm tooj liab sulphate, me ntsis txiv qaub tshiab thiab ob lub tsib litres nkoj (iav, av nplaum lossis ntoo). Nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm cov hlab ntsha, koj yuav tsum sib tov 5 litres dej thiab vitriol, thiab nyob rau hauv lwm yam, txiv qaub thiab tus so ntawm cov dej.
Siv cov kab mob hauv qab no tiv thaiv kab tsuag hauv vaj: Tsawg nyhuv nyhuv, Decis, Nemabact, Nurell D, Actofit, Kinmiks, Omayt, Calypso, Bitoxibacillin, Actellic , "Malathion", "Txij Nkawm".Tom ntej no, cov kua ua kua nrog vitriol yuav tsum nyias nyias kaub ncaug rau hauv cov kua txiv qaub. Nws yog vitriol rau hauv kua, tsis vice versa! Cov txiaj ntsig yuav tsum yog xim xiav dawb.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Bordeaux kua yuav hloov los ntawm fungicides. Tooj liab tseem tuaj yeem nyob rau hauv lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg.Lub ntsiab taw tes nyob rau hauv kev npaj ntawm Bordeaux kua: tsis txhob overdo nws nrog tooj liab sulphate, nkawd muaj ib qho kev pheej hmoo ntawm hlawv paj.
Txheeb xyuas qhov sib tov koj xav tau ib tus ntsia thawv nquag. Nws yuav tsum dipped hauv cov kua. Yog tias koj pom liab tawg tuaj rau nws, nws txhais tau hais tias muaj ntau cov vitriol nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj, ces koj yuav tsum kho cov concentration ntawm cov dej los ntawm kev ntxiv txiv qaub.Thaum twg qhov sib tov yog kom npaj, koj tuaj yeem pib tsuag tsuag txiv duaj. Qhov nruab nrab, 10 liv ntawm kev daws yog txaus rau 10 seedlings.
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau coj los rau hauv qhov tseeb qhov tseeb hais tias nrog nquag ua ntawm ib tug pear nrog tshuaj, kab mob tsim kev tiv thaiv. Lawv pib mutate thiab tom qab cease tuag thaum sib cuag nrog cov tshuaj no. 
Kev tswj cov leeg nyob hauv lub vaj kuj tseem yuav txo tau cov kab mob ntawm cov nqaij npua. Nas thiab nas uas noj cov hauv paus ntawm ib tsob ntoo tuaj yeem tso kab mob phem.
Rau pear seedlings koj siv tau kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv: immunocytophyte thiab zirconCov simulators ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv ntawm tus ntoo thiab pab kev sib ntaus rau cov kab mob pathological.
Disinfection ntawm cov cuab yeej garden
Muaj ntau tus neeg siv cov khoom siv cawv los kho cov kab ciaj. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj coj ib tug neeg nyob ze ntawm ib tug neeg nyob ze thiab txawm lig los nrog nws haus cawv, koj tuaj yeem paub tseeb tias cov kab mob uas ua rau pear hlawv tau tag sim neej.
Hauv USSR, cov tshuaj uas muaj chlorine los yog kerosene raug siv los tua cov cuab yeej ua teb. Nws yog ua tau rau disinfect ib tug shovel, glanders los yog pom nrog poov tshuaj permanganate, thiab nrog tooj liab los yog hlau vitriol. Ua li no, lub cuab tam yog dipped rau hauv kev daws rau qee lub sij hawm, thiab ces muab ntaub so nrog ib daim ntaub huv.
Pom lossis hacksaw tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog hluav taws. Tom qab ntawd cov hniav ntawm txiav keeb yog tag nrho ntxuav ntawm txhua pathological microorganisms.
Koj puas paub? Bordeaux kua yog muaj npe tom qab Fabkis lub nroog ntawm Bordeaux. Fabkis botanist Pierre Marie Alexis Millyard tau tsim cov dej no.Niaj hnub no, ntau gardeners siv tshuaj tua kab mob hauv tsev. Tus cwj pwm ntawm cov tshuaj no yog dej-soluble iodine complex.
Qhov no lub cuab tam tau disinfect yam twj, thiab txawm tias cov av los yog greenhouses.
Thaum kawg kuv xav hais tias: Yog tias koj tau pom qhov dub dub rau koj cov txiv pear, ces tam sim ntawd muab txiav thiab hlawv rau lawv, thiab disinfect qhov ntsuas uas siv ib txoj kev teev tseg saum toj no.
Lub sij hawm sib ntaus sib tua tiv thaiv kab mob yuav tiv thaiv koj cov nroj tsuag ntawm kev tuag.
