Ntawm lub admirers ntawm delicious grapes, tej zaum, yuav muaj tsis muaj cov neeg uas tsis tau hnov txog ntau yam Moldova.
Qhov no grape yog universal universal, rau cov uas nws yog li ntawd fond ntawm pib xyaum ua growers.
Nws muaj kev tiv thaiv thiab kev saib xyuas tsis tau zoo.
Txawm tias muaj qhov tseeb tias qhov ntau yam tsis muaj cov loj loj pawg thiab berries, nws tseem attracts mloog mus rau nws unusually six qoob loo.
Txhawm rau qhuas cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam "Moldova" yuav ua tau infinite, tab sis tsis yog kom tsis txhob ua tau zoo, peb muaj txhua yam nyob rau hauv kom meej thiab nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim.
Yog li ntawd koj tsis ntshai cov teeb meem uas tshwm sim thaum cog thiab tu cov txiv hmab, hauv qab no peb yuav ua tag nrho ib qho rau ib qho kev piav qhia ntawm txoj haujlwm no.
"Moldova" nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws lub yeeb koob: ib qho kev piav qhia ntawm ib tug ntau yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo
Qhov no yog tseem qub heev, tab sis tsis poob rau tej chaw, ntau yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo twb bred hauv Moldova los ntawm ib pawg tag nrho ntawm cov sau phau ntawv. Xws li hom "Guzal Kara", muaj ntau yam sib xyaw nrog cov txiv hmab thiab "Save Villar 12-375", yog cov niam txiv ntawm "Moldova". Nws tau dav zoned tshaj lub ib ncig ntawm Ukraine txij thaum 1987.
Qhia tawm ib tug zoo tawm los nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam yav qab teb ntawm Russia (tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Rostov, Krasnodar cheeb tsam). Qhov ntau yam yog suav hais tias yog ib qho kev sib tw interspecific ntawm thaj av Euro-Asia. Qee lub sij hawm no muaj ntau yam nyob hauv lub npe "Coding of the Late".
Ib tug ntxaws qhia txog ntawm grapes "Moldova"
Qhov loj ntawm lub grapes nyob rau hauv "Moldova" yog tsis heev loj. Mediums muaj ntau dua, txawm tias txhua pawg tuaj yeem ua rau muaj pawg loj loj. Qhov loj ntawm grapes fluctuates ntawm 350 grams mus rau 1 kilogramheev tsawg tshaj li qhov no. Cov pawg yog feem ntau cylindroconic nyob rau hauv cov duab, tej zaum lawv daim ntawv "tis". Txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog feem ntau nruab nrab, tab sis kuj muaj cov xoob xoob.
Qhov ntau thiab tsawg ntawm grape berries ntawm no ntau yam yog es tsis loj, lawv qhov hnyav nruab nrab yog li 6-7 grams. Qhov nruab nrab qhov siab ntawm berries yog 2.2 centimeters, thiab nws dav - 1.9. Cov oval-puab berries muaj ib tug maub liab doog, yuav luag dub, ntawm daim tawv nqaij xim. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov tawv nqaij ntawm cov berries yog heev ntom thiab me ntsis ntxhib, them nrog ib tug tuab quav quav txheej.
Vim hais tias cov lus qhia ntawm cov tev, berries ntawm ntau yam "Moldova" heev zoo caij tsheb thauj mus los thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm khaws cia rau ib lub sij hawm ntev ntawm lub sij hawm. Tus qauv ntawm lub pulp ntawm grapes "Moldova" yog fleshy, nrog cartilaginousness. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov noob hauv lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog tsawg, feem ntau tsuas yog 2-3, tab sis qee zaus nws kuj tshwm sim 4.
Nws yog ib nqi sau cia tias saj ntawm cov berries yog yooj yim heev, tab sis Sweet. Hauv particular, tus saj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab yog kwv yees li ntawm 8 ntsiab lus, thiab thaum nws cov nplej raug khwv tau los ntawm kev txo qis ntawm cov kua qaub, uas tau tso cai rau tasters tus nqi xws li 9 qhab nia. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog ib qhov tsis yooj yim sua kom tsis txhob txhawj xeeb mus rau theem siab ntawm cov ntsiab lus qab zib nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm berries ntawm no grape ntau yam.
Nrog ntsuas ntawm acidity grape kua txiv "Moldova" ntawm 8-9 g / l, ntsuas qab zib cov ntsiab lus yog 18-19%. Txawm li ntawd los, lub ripeness ntawm berries tshwm los qeeb, txij thaum lub tsub zuj zuj ntawm sugars, uas ua rau ib tug txo nyob rau hauv acidity, tshwm sim maj.
Lub hom phiaj ntawm no ntau yam yog heev thoob plaws. Vim lub sij hawm ntev cia, nws tseem zoo li qub, thiab txawm kho nws saj, txawm rau 150 hnub tom qab grapes yog txiav. Ntxiv nrog rau kev noj, qhov no grape tsim tawm ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm kev txuag cua - compotes thiab txawm jam.
Nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawm ripening thiab tawm los grapes "Moldova"
Cov lus no grape belongs rau lig ntau yam. Lub vegetative lub sij hawm ntawm "Moldova", los ntawm lub caij ntawm lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo mus rau lub ripening ntawm grapes kav 155-165 hnub. Thaum cog no ntau yam nyob rau hauv ntau sab qaum teb thaj tsam, cov berries yuav tsis ripen mus rau qhov kawg, seem uas tsis yog qaub. Txawm li cas los, ntev-awaited sau yuav undoubtedly thov leej twg: los ntawm ib tug 8-10-xyoo-laus Bush koj muaj peev xwm sau mus txog 150 kilograms ntawm zoo heev grape zoo.
Nrog intensive cultivation ntawm grapes "Moldova" koj muaj peev xwm ua tau tawm los ntawm 150-165 centners los ntawm ib hectare ntawm plantations. Cov amateur winegrowers feem ntau tswj los ua tawm los ntsuas ntawm 4 kilograms ib square meter ntawm grape Bush.
Xws li high yields tau tiav rau ib tug loj raws li vim yog intensive kev loj hlob ntawm Moldova ntau yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo Bush. Nws sai sai pib fruiting: thawj harvests yog harvested los ntawm 2-3 xyoo tom qab tsaws rau ntawm qhov chaw. Nrog ntsuas ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm fruitful tua ntawm ib tug Bush ntawm 70%, tus naj npawb ntawm pawg uas tsim on xws li ib tug tua yog nruab nrab 1.7.
Qhov intensive fruiting ntawm grapes yog concentrated ntawm 5-6 knots saum toj no ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm vine. Lub paj ntawm grape Bush yog bisexual, vim uas cog ntawm bushes ntawm lwm yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam tsis yog yuav tsum tau rau pollination.
Ntaus zoo uas suav tias yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam "Moldova"
- Qhov ntau yog undemanding rau kev saib xyuas, muaj peev xwm rau nws tus kheej-pollinate.
- Tus sau, txawm lig, yog heev siab, zoo khaws cia (160-180 hnub) thiab thauj. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov pawg yuav khaws cia rau ib ntev lub sij hawm (yog hais tias tus Frost tsis ntaus) nyob rau Bush.
- Berries ntawm Moldova txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj lub rooj sib tham universal.
- "Moldova" muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntau rau cov kab mob xws li mildew thiab grey pwm. Nws tsis cuam tshuam rau hauv paus hauv daim ntawv ntawm xws li ib tug Kab Tsuag ntawm grapes raws li phylloxera, vim uas nws muaj peev xwm tsaws rau nws tus kheej keeb kwm.
- Wasps ntawm no ntau yam yog suab tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm nkawj, txij li thaum lawv ripen heev lig.
- Morozov yog suab tsis txaus ntshai; nws tau lub caij ntuj no hauv thaj av qab teb tsis muaj chaw nkaum. Cov ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis raug cuam tshuam thaum uas txo cov kub mus rau -22-23 hli. Ntau tus tawm tsam tias txawm tias Frost -26 º C tsis txaus ntshai rau qhov no.
- Grapevine ntau yam "Moldova" zoo heev regenerates tom qab pruning thiab kev puas tsuaj.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm ntau yam "Moldova": dab tsi yuav tsum xav txog thaum loj hlob grapes
- Qhov no ntau yam yuav cuam tshuam los ntawm xws li ib tug kab mob ntawm vineyards li oidium (hmoov lwg). Yog li ntawd, qhov no ntau yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tsum tau muab tsuag ob zaug ib lub caij rau prophylaxis.
- Dua li ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias ripened grapes tau dai ntawm Bush rau ib ntev lub sij hawm, tab sis yog hais tias nws tsis raug txiav tawm nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, lub txee lub neej thiab kev xaiv tsheb yuav txo significantly.
- Lub grape Bush heev negatively reacts rau overloads thiab underloading. Vim li ntawd, qhov zoo ntawm qoob loo yog zoo heev txo.
Nws tseem yog nthuav mus nyeem txog qhov zoo hlais cuttings ntawm grapes nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg.
Cog txiv hmab "Moldova" - yuav ua li cas kom tsis txhob qaub qhov txiav?
Cog grapes yog tiag tiag ib tug txheej txheem laborious. Tom qab tag nrho, nws tsis yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cog los sis cog ib qho, tiam sis koj yuav tsum xaiv qhov chaw thiab av. Lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo cog thaum lub sij hawm tsis ncaj ncees yuav loj hlob tuaj thiab yuav mob heev. Tiam sis thawj yam ua ntej.
- Cov av rau cog grapes yog preferable mus rau lub teeb, nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov thiab chiv. Grapes tuaj yeem ua mob heev rau cov tshuaj ya raws ntawm cov dej noo, vim li ntawd yuav tsum muaj cov kua dej hauv lub vev xaib. Yog hais tias cov av dej nteg siab tshaj ntawm 1.5 meters - nws tsis pom zoo kom cog grapes txhua.
- Tom qab lub siab tshaj tawm los ntawm Moldova grapes yog tau ua tsaug rau cog nws nyob rau hauv heev hnub ci chaw, tsis tshuab los ntawm cua los ntawm sab qaum teb. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los cog nws horizontally nyob ze lub canopies los yog arbors, thiaj li hais tias lub grapes loj hlob los ntawm sab qab teb sab. Yog li, nws yuav tsis tsuas yog tau txais kev mob siab rau kev loj hlob, tab sis yuav tsis overgrow dhau, muab lub berries lub sij hawm los nce lub siab tshaj plaws cov nuj nqis.
- Muaj coob tus txiv hmab txiv ntoo yeej pom zoo cog cov txiv hmab hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Nyob rau lub sij hawm no, nws yuav muaj peev xwm khwv tau zoo tshaj plaws thiab yuav muaj kev ruaj khov ua ntej cov cua txias ntawm thawj lub caij ntuj no. Tab sis tseem, zoo heev bushes yog tau los ntawm cuttings grafted nyob rau hauv Autumn. Txoj cai loj thaum cog - cua kub, ob qho tib si rau caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg, thaum lub caij cog qoob loo yuav tsum muaj ntau dua los yog tsis tshua ruaj khov nyob hauv 15ºС. Av kub yuav tsum tsis txhob poob hauv qab 10 º.
Scheme ntawm cog txiv hmab txiv ntoo "Moldova"
By cog no ntau yam yuav tsum tau txav mus noj rau hauv tus account tus yam ntxwv ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm nws Bush. Tom qab tag nrho, lub grapes "Moldova" muaj ib tug heev muaj zog kev loj hlob thiab muaj ib tug tendency rau thickening, uas yog tsis tsim nyog rau nws. Ntau thickening thiab loj loj ntawm Bush bushes cuam tshuam rau qhov zoo ntawm qoob loo thiab lub sij yawm ntawm nws ripening. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los tsim ib tug Bush nrog lub tsho ntev ntev thiab qhov chaw dawb rau kev loj hlob. Rau cov vineyards, 5 x 4 'meter' tswvyim xam pom.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm direct cog grapes "Moldova"
- Cov cog ntawm "Moldova" tuaj yeem nqa tawm ntawm nws tus kheej cov hauv paus hniav los yog los ntawm grafting on ib tug laus Tshuag.
- Thaum cog cov txiav ncaj qha mus rau hauv cov av, nws yuav tsum tau muaj rau ib ntev lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv dej ua ntej tsim ntawm dawb keeb kwm. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas txiav qhov txiav tawm ntawm kev txiav yuav tsum ntsuab. Thaum yuav ib tug txiv hmab txiv ntoo seedling, them nyiaj tias cov keeb kwm tsis qhuav los yog khov.
- Xws li ib tug soj caum yog cog nyob rau hauv ib tug npaj thiab fertilized aub tsiv. Ntawm nws cov hauv qab organic organic chiv yog thov, tov nrog cov av. Muaj sprinkled lub fertilizer nrog ib tug ntau txheej ntawm yooj yim av, lub sapling ntog mus rau hauv ib lub qhov thiab zoo heev kom ntog pw tsaug zog. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom tsis txhob nphoo hauv paus caj dab nrog rau cov av - nws yuav tsum nyob twj ywm saum lub qhov saum npoo.
- Txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv lub stalk yog txiav tawm hauv qab nrog ib tug zoo li-hom zoo li cas, qee zaum ntawm sab qaum peephole tsuas yog ob peb millimeters, thiab tseem muab tso rau hauv dej rau ib hnub.
- Graft yog grafted rau hauv qub Tshuag split, ntxuav ua ntej ntawm serrations thiab tom qab tshem av los ntawm nws. Tom qab ntawd, lub boles yog tightly fastened nrog ib tug heev ruaj ntaub ntaub. Qhov no yuav ua kom lub hauv paus ntawm cuttings thiab no Tshuag.
- Yog hais tias cog yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg - nco ntsoov mus rau cuttings mus siv quav ciab. Qhov no yuav pab lawv nyiaj mus lub caij ntuj no. Ua li no, noj cov tshuaj yaug thiab cov dej rau hauv saucepan nrog dej. Cov dej thiab cov pa yuav tsum raug tso cai rau boil. Melted paraffin floats saum cov dej. Nyob rau hauv nws rau ob peb lub sij hawm koj yuav tsum tau txo lub grape txiav thiab sai li sai tau tshem tawm. Tom qab paraffin, lub soj caum yog txias txias hauv dej txias.
- Tom qab cog ob qho tag nrho rau lub Tshuag thiab nws cov hauv paus hniav, lub txiav yog zoo heev watered. Koj yuav tsum siv tsawg kawg 3 lub thoob dej.
- Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb mus khawb ib qho kev txhawb nqa ze ntawm lub cog txiv hmab, uas yuav coj kev loj hlob ntawm vine.
Nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim rau cuttings kom zoo paus thiab noj paus nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw tshiab, lawv pom zoo kom raug dipped nyob rau hauv lub Humate daws ua ntej cog. Ua li no kawg, tsis tshaj li ntawm 10 tee ntawm qhov kev npaj no yog ntxiv rau 1 liter dej, thiab cuttings yog lowered rau nws rau tsuas yog ob peb feeb.
Kom muaj kev saib xyuas ntawm Moldova ntau yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo
Qhov no ntau yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis muaj kev pab ntxiv, tsim ntawm cov duab ntawm Bush thiab yam uas tsis muaj pruning yuav tsis muaj peev xwm muab ib tug zoo sau. Nrog thickening thiab ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm grapes, kuj tsis muaj sij hawm watering thiab fertilizing, Moldova grapes yuav shrink, tus sau yuav txo los ntawm ob peb zaug.
Ib me ntsis txog qhov dej kom zoo ntawm Moldova ntau yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo Bush
Noo noo ntawm no ntau yam tsuas yog tseem ceeb heev. Yog li ntawd, tus qauv dej ntawm vineyard ua ntej thiab tom qab flowering lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog indispensable. Thaum loj hlob grapes "Moldova" yuav tsum tas tas li saib xyuas cov av noo noo. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tsis txaus ntom, dej yuav tsum tau nqa tawm. Qhov dej ntau tuaj yeem yog ib hlis ib zaug, thiab nce nyob rau lub caij nyoog ntawm cov kev ua kom ntev. Cov dej ntau dhau tuaj yeem yog txav mus rau cov dej xau uas tau ua rau lub hom phiaj no.
Yuav ua li cas mulch cov av ib ncig ntawm lub grape?
Mulching muaj ib tug zoo heev ua rau ob qho kev loj hlob ntawm grapes thiab nws preservation thaum lub sij hawm hnyav lub caij ntuj no. Raws li mulch yog zoo tshaj plaws siv stubborn humusuas yog pw tawm ib ncig ntawm lub vine vine. Koj tuaj yeem nyob thaj chaw ntawm li 1 lossis 1.5 meters ntawm kab lus. Qhov zoo tuab ntawm txheej ntawm mulch yog 3-3.5 centimeters. Mulching yog pom zoo tsuas yog nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab Autumn. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov, mulching muaj peev xwm ua rau evaporation ntawm hauv paus system ntawm ib tug grape Bush.
Yuav ua li cas thiab yog vim li cas kom npog lub grapes "Moldova"?
Lub grapes yog sheltered los ntawm khov ntoo. Yog hais tias koj cog nws nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam yav qab teb, vaj tse yog tsis tsim nyog rau no ntau yam, txawm yooj yim mulching yuav txaus. Tab sis nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub nws yog zoo dua mus hws ntau nyob rau Bush tshaj poob nws nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no. Los npog qhov Bush tom qab pruning yuav ua kom muab tso rau hauv av thiab npog nrog zaj duab xis los yog quav nyab. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los npog yam tsawg kawg ntawm lub stems ntawm ib tug Bush Bush.
Tsuas yog cog cov txiv hmab hauv cag yuav tsum npog kom paub meej. Feem ntau nws tau them tas nrog av, muab lub nkoj loj uas tsis muaj qhov hauv qab ze nws.
Yuav ua li cas koj yuav tsum paub thaum tawm pib prune ib tug grape Bush?
Txiav lub vine yuav tsum tau nqa tawm txhua xyoo. Ob lub caij nplooj zeeg caij nplooj zeeg thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav zoo heev thaum tsim nyog rau qhov no Qhov loj tshaj plaws uas vine yog nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev ntawm so. Nws yuav zoo tshaj plaws rau txhua yam kom dais cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv Moldova ntawm tsob ntoo, uas muaj 3-4 tes tsho, ncaj qha rau ntawm kev them nyiaj yug.
Txiav qhov grapevine yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau 7-9 ob lub qhov muag, tawm ntawm ib tug Bush nyob rau hauv tag nrho txog 70 qhov. Yog hais tias koj tsim ib tug Bush nrog ib tug high qia, koj yuav tsum tau txiav tsuas yog 4-6 ob lub qhov muag. Nws tseem ceeb heev tias Bush tsis tshaj. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav koj yuav tsum tswj tsis tsuas yog tus naj npawb ntawm tua, tab sis kuj muaj tus naj npawb ntawm pawg uas tsim rau lawv.
Pub cov grapevine "Moldova"
Fertilizing ntawm grapes tshwm sim txawm involuntarily, thaum lub sij hawm mulching ntawm cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm lub Bush. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv Ntxiv rau cov organic chiv nws yog zoo heev rau fertilize cov av nyob rau hauv uas grapes loj hlob, siv pob zeb hauv av chiv. Zoo ua rau cov av thaum khawb poov tshuaj phosphate chiv.
Yuav ua li cas los tiv thaiv cov txiv hmab "Moldova" los ntawm kab tsuag?
Qhov no ntau yam yog cuam tshuam los ntawm xws li ib tug kab mob raws li hmoov nplej dew. Nyob rau hauv tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv tsis tas yuav tsum tos kom txog thaum tus kab mob tshwm nws tus kheej rau koj Bush. Txhua xyoo txog ob zaug koj yuav tsum tau nqa tawm kev txau tawm.
Lawv muaj nyob ua ntej flowering, nyob rau "vines" vine, thiab tom qab lub grapes yuav Bloom. Bordeaux kua feem ntau yog siv los ua tshuaj tsuag. Koj yuav tsum xyuam xim nrog nws, thiab tsis txhob siv cov concentration ntau dua li 1%.
