Ntau yam ntawm cov ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo Cov khoom plig rau cov neeg ua teb yuav tsis muaj chaw nyob hauv ib tsev neeg twg, vim nws yog ntau yam hauv lub hom phiaj.
Nws muaj cov khoom zoo organoleptic. Apples yog ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv lawv cov tshiab kev noj, thiab raws li ib feem ntawm ntau yam lauj kaub tais diav, kua txiv, compotes, jams thiab lwm yam.
Zoo li cas?
Kua ntoo Qhov khoom plig mus rau gardeners yog rau Autumn qib. Tsob ntoo yog tsi ntsees los ntawm lub caij ntuj no hardiness, siab siab mus rau fungal kab mob, zoo li zoo regenerative peev xwm.
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo cia lub sij hawm yog txog li 120 hnub hauv cov khoom noj zoo.uas muaj xws li:
- zoo tshaj kub: -1-2 ° C;
- cia hauv cov thawv ntoo (racks, containers, thawv);
- txhuam cov cua ntawm 90-95%;
- ua ntej qhov kev ua tiav los ntawm qhov loj ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo;
- Txhua yam yog khaws cia hauv nyias ntim.
Pollination
Kua ntoo belongs rau nws tus kheej-fertile ntau yam. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias txawm hais tias muaj huab cua thiab huab cua puag li cas, xws li ntau yam yuav ua rau muaj kev ruaj khov. Tab sis txawm samoplodnye ntau yam tawm los harvests nrog qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm lwm yam ntau yam.
Kev piav qhia ntawm qib kawm khoom plig rau gardeners
Kua ntau yam yog ntxwv ntawm nruab nrab qhov siab nrog ib tug yam ntxwv kab rov tav crown thiab zoo nkauj, compactly nyob daj-ntsuab txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Nrab qhov siab (tsis pub tshaj peb meters), ceev ceev-loj hlob. Crohn npawv, qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov sib thooj.
Cov xim ntawm cov ceg yog liab-xim av. Fruiting on kolchatkah, txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab spears.
Tus tua yog zoo pubescent, loj, medium ntev, muaj xim xim av. Ib tug loj, oval-puab nplooj nrog ib tug luv luv, tapered kawg. Tus tua yog xim av, nkhaus, loj nyob rau hauv tuab. Stems yog nruab nrab ntev. Cov nplooj ntoos yog loj, symmetrical, muaj ib lub ntsej muag grayish thiab yog mos lwj pubescent los ntawm cov underside.
Lawv yog cov uas tsis muaj hnyav thiab me me. Qhov loj ntawm ib tug txiv hmab txiv ntoo ranges los ntawm 60 mus rau 100 grams.
Cov xim ntawm lub kua yog greenish daj, dauv nyob rau hauv cwj nrag rau hauv ib daj ntseg liab npog ntxoov ntxoo. Daim tawv nqaij yog du nrog ib tug me ntsis coating. Lub qia yog luv luv thiab nyias. Lub cev nqaij daim tawv yog dawb nrog ib lub taum ci ntsuab, muaj kua muaj zog thiab muaj nplua-ntse sib luag. Lub saj ntawm Kua - Sweet thiab qaub. Lub aroma yog pronounced.
Cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov kua:
- Sahara - 13,3%;
- Titrated rau-koj - 1,22%;
- Tanning Islands tuaj - 60 mg rau 100 grams;
- Ascorbic rau-uas - 25 mg rau 100 grams;
- R-active Islands tuaj - 300 mg tauj ib 100 grams;
- Pectin Islands - 5,30%.
Kev yug me nyuam yav dhau los
Qhov ntau yam yug nyob rau hauv 1959 ua tsaug rau breeders: L.Yu. Zhebrovskaya, I.P. Kalinina, T.F. Kornienko, N.I. Dorokhina thiab Chupinoy G.V. Bred raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm hla Melba thiab Laletino nyob rau hauv lub koom haum ntawm Horticulture lawv. Lisavenko MA, Siberia.
Thaj av ntawm keeb kwm ntawm natural origin
Lub cheeb tsam ntawm ntuj ntau yam kev loj hlob ntawm lub Txiaj Ntsim rau gardeners yog cheeb tsam ntawm nws qhov chaw yug - West Siberian.
Tsis tas li, feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv lub vaj ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw Altai. Nrog rau cog thiab tau txais kev kho mob ntawm cov av. Teeb meem tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv cov cheeb tsam qhuav.
Tawm
Tsob Ntoo Dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv peb los yog plaub lub xyoo tom qab cog.
Sau nyob rau hauv cawv, txhua xyoo.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripen nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-Cuaj hlis.
Tus neeg siv sij hawm pib ntawm qhov thib ob xyoo ntawm lub Cuaj Hlis thiab xaus rau Lub Ob Hlis.
Mus txog 30 kilograms ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo raug muab tshem tawm los ntawm ib tsob ntoo..
Kev cog thiab kev kho mob
Them saib xyuas yuav tsum raug muab cog rau cog ntau yam Txiaj Txim Gardeners. Nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas ntawm tsob ntoo tsis yog whimsical.
Yuav pib nrog, peb yuav txiav txim siab lub sij hawm ntawm cog ib tsob ntoo ntoo. Cov paub gardeners pom zoo kom cog ntoo ntawm lub Cuaj Hlis 15 txog rau Cuaj Hlis 25 vim muaj kev ua haujlwm hauv cov ntoo. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas xaiv txoj cai seedling ntawm no ntau yam, rau qhov no koj yuav tsum ua raws li cov cai yooj yim:
- yuav ib tug seedling tsis ntxov tshaj ib lub lim tiam ua ntej cog;
- muas seedlings nrog ib tug tsim paus system thiab yuav lawv nyob rau hauv ib cheeb tsam nrog tib climatic mob;
- xaiv ib tug hluas seedling, ces nws adapts ntau sai sai rau cov av nyob rau lub cuab ntxhiab uas nws yog zus.
Tom qab yuav nriav seedlings nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev uas yuav tau xaiv qhov chaw zoo rau cog ib qho kua ntoo.:
- thaj chaw uas tsis yog thaj chaw;
- tsis muaj cua;
- cov cheeb tsam rau cog yuav tsum zoo drained;
- kom tsob ntoo loj hlob muaj zog thiab nqa siab tshaj plaws tawm los, nws yog pom zoo siv loamy av;
- tsis txhob tso qhov chaw nyob hauv av uas nyob ze qhov chaw;
- kom npaj qhov tsaws qhov.
Aub tsiv rau cov kua ntau yam Khoom plig gardeners npaj los ntawm tus qauv classical.
Nws tsis pom kev: 1x1x0.7m. Nyob rau hauv qab ntawm aub tsiv tso tawm:
- nees av npua;
- ntoo tshauv (kwv yees li ib khob);
- tablespoon ntawm ob superphosphate.
Tag nrho cov khoom sib tov zoo nrog av., lub seedling yog muab tso rau hauv ib tug aub tsiv thiab peb pw tsaug zog nrog lub ntiaj teb qhuav. Liberally ncuav thiab nphoo nrog lub ntiaj teb dua.
Lub xyoo tom ntej tom qab tsaws tsis ntau ntxiv - tshem tawm cov nroj tsuag ib ncig ntawm lub qhov cog thiab cov dej tsis tu ncuaTus tsim ntawm lub crown pib.
Nws yog tsim nyog los txiav qhov xaus ntawm tag nrho cov ceg thiab tua, tshem tawm 80-100% ntawm paj.
Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los tiv thaiv cov tsos ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thaum thawj peb lub xyoos.
Kev saib xyuas theem pib thaum thawj tsib xyoos tom qab cog:
- tiv thaiv ntawm tsob ntoo los ntawm nas thiab hares (khoom - parchment, lapnik) los ntawm khi ntoo;
- tsim cov npoo ntawm hauv av mus rau ib qhov siab ntawm nees nkaum centimeters nyob ib ncig ntawm qhov chaw tsaws tsoo;
- nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov Lub peb hlis ntuj, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los kho lub wounds inflicted by nas nrog rhizomes thiab them lawv nrog vaj twawb;
- mulching nrog humus pristvolnyh voj voog.
Txhua txhua xyoo Ua ntej caij nplooj ntoos hlav, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los irrigate mixtures ntawm pests. Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua ob zaug:
- thaum lub sij hawm o ntawm lub buds nyob rau ceg;
- ua ntej blooming buds.
Kab mob thiab kab tsuag
Txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntoo feem ntau raug rau ntau hom kab mob fungal. Ntau Txiaj Ntsim rau gardeners yog tsiag ntawv los ntawm kev siab tsis kam mus rau cov kab mob zoo sib xws, tab sis nws yog rau qhov pib ntawm cov hauv qab no:
- twm hawj;
- scab;
- powdery mildew;
- kab mob hlawv.
Thawj qho tshwm sim ntawm lub thawv fungus nres yog qhov pom ntawm qhov txhab (fungus) rau ntawm cortex.. Nws tau txhawm rau cuam tshuam lub pob tw ntawm ib tsob ntoo kua, tab sis nws cuam tshuam lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis ncaj ncees. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog nyob rau thawj theem kom tshem tawm ntawm fungus. Yog hais tias fungus heev hit tsob ntoo, ua nyuaj heev thiab mus txog ib tug loj loj, ces fungus yuav tau muab pov tseg nrog ib tug taus, ces noj qab haus ntoo yuav ib txwm raug kev txom nyem.
Yog hais tias qhov mob yog me me, nws muaj peev xwm tau maj mam ntxuav nrog ib tug vaj riam.. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los rhuav tshem lub fungus ntawm nws heev keeb kwm. Txwv tsis pub, tom qab qee lub sij hawm, lub nceb "rov qab" dua nyob rau tib qho chaw. Tom qab tshem tawm ntawm fungus, qhov chaw nyob rau hauv uas nws loj hlob yuav tsum tau disinfected. Kev ua yuav tsum tau nqa tawm los ntawm tooj liab sulphatetom qab uas nws yog ntshaw kom pleev xim rau qhov kho thaj chaw nrog roj xim. Txwv tsis pub, qhov nceb yuav nce zuj zus nyob hauv tib qho chaw.
Lub scab feem ntau cuam tshuam cov nplooj ntawm tsob ntoo, thiab ces txav mus rau lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Qhov ua rau ntawm no fungus tej zaum yuav muaj siab qis lossis stagnation ntawm huab cua hauv cov ntoo ntawm ib tsob ntoo. Thawj cov cim qhia ntawm scab yog cov tsos ntawm ntsuab-xim av me ntsis rau ntawm nplooj thiab me me xim avsib sau ua ib lub crust, stains ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Tom qab hnyav rains, powdery mildew feem ntau tshwm, feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm dawb Bloom on nplooj ntawm ib tsob ntoo kua. Tus mob no tshwm sim rau ntawm tsob ntoo hauv qab, txog thaum nws tuaj yeem ua rau tsob ntoo.
Cov kab mob no thiab ntau lwm yam kab mob tau yooj yim raug zam nrog ntau yam kev tiv thaivuas muaj xws li:
- av tshauv;
- crown tsim;
- pub nrog potash thiab poov hlau chiv;
- pub nrog compost;
- pollination ntawm colloidal sulfur thiab tooj liab txuas;
- kev siv ntawm ntau yam nrog high tsis kam mus rau kab mob;
- rhuav tshem ntawm lub Cuam Tshuam.
Muaj ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm kev ntsuas uas yuav pab tau kom tshem tawm cov kab tom qab yuav luag txhua yam: ib qho tshuaj tov (qhov nruab nrab ntawm 7-8 liters ntawm ib tsob ntoo twg), tooj liab oxychloride, uas yuav tsum tau siv ua ntej ua ntej flowering, thiab tom qab ntawd thaum lub tsos ntawm thawj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.Bordeaux kua yog suav tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws tiv thaiv thiab kho tus neeg sawv cev rau fungi thiab ntau yam pests.
Tus kab mob tsis kho mob yog ib qho hlawv uas yog los ntawm tus kab mob Erwinia amylovora.
Qhov cuam tshuam cov ntoo yuav tsum tau muab pov tseg sai li sai tau thiaj li hais tias lawv tsis kis ze ze ntau yam. Tus neeg saib xyuas neeg mob yog qhov khoom cais tawm.
Ntau yam ntawm cov ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo Cov khoom plig rau cov gardeners muaj qhov nruab nrab tawm los thiab coj tau zoo nkauj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas muaj nqi txheeb raws roj ntsha siab. Nrog tshwj xeeb npaj, lub sapling yuav germinate on tej av. Tsob ntoo tsis tau kev saib xyuas tshwj xeeb. Nruab nrab resistant mus rau cov kab mob. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm yeej los ntawm pests, kev kho mob tsis yuav tsum tau ntau kev rau siab.
