Nyob rau hauv lub vaj teb tsawg ntawm Central Russia muaj tsis muaj plum tsob ntoo. Nws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj ib lub complex ntawm kho thaj chaw, ib tug qab ntxiag saj thiab ntau yam ntawm kev ua.
Yog vim li cas yog plum ntawm gardeners inferior primacy ntawm Kua thiab Cherry?
Qhov yog vim li cas lig flowering ntawm samobzplodnyh ntau yam, uas tsis muaj lub pollinator tsim thiab lub sij hawm rau pollination.
Lub tswv yim no tsis muaj kev cia siab ntawm daim av. Txoj kev tawm ntawm qhov teeb meem no yog kev xaiv ntawm tus kheej tshiab fertile hybrids tsim tshwj xeeb rau rau nruab nrab band.
Kev yug me nyuam yav dhau los
Hauv lub thoob ntiaj teb pomological systematics, muaj peb pawg ntawm plums nrog txawv keeb kwm, txawm tias qhov tseeb hais tias nyob rau hauv lawv cov pedigree, ntawm chav kawm, muaj ib tug kab ntawm ib tug tsiaj qus txwv tsis tau. Qhov no yog lub tsev plum, Suav thiab Lavxias.
Lawv cov poj koob yawg koob tau tshwm sim ntau txhiab xyoos dhau los vim yog tshwm sim ntawm kev mob pollination ntawm cherry plums:
- nyob rau hauv lub Balkans, nyob rau hauv Central thiab Asia tsawg, lub progenitor ntawm domestic plum;
- nyob rau sab hnub tuaj thiab nyob rau thaj av Amur - cov Ussurian plum;
- willow plum nyob rau hauv hnub poob qaum teb;
- nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam mountainous ntawm North America - American plum;
- nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm North America sab qaum teb - Canadian plum.
Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv tau koom nrog hauv kev xaiv cov txheej txheem, lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb uas yog muab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo siab rau cov neeg muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, muab cov plum faib ua ib hom kab nyob rau sab qaum teb thiab hloov kom muaj kev cog qoob loo.
Lub cultivated ntau yam ntawm pej xeem yug me nyuam los ntawm lub Adriatic tuaj rau Europe thiab Russia raws li ib tug hauv tsev plum. Ib theem tshiab nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm domestic hybrids ntawm no hom pib nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev sim ntawm I.V. Michurin.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tau raug txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog Ussuri dick thiab tau pom zoo rau lub caij ntuj no-tsis tshua muaj ntau yam. Lavxias teb sab plums. Suav plum dhau ntawm kev cog qoob rau hauv California Lub Chaw Qoob Ntiaj chaw, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm kev nkag mus nrog American ntau yam.
Yam ntxwv ntawm ntau yam
Lub tsev ntau hom plum "Blue Gift" tau sau npe nyob rau hauv lub Xeev Tsoom Fwv Sau Tsis rau xyoo 2001, thiab raug pom zoo rau kev taw qhia hauv thaj av Central.
Cov txiaj ntsig uas tau ua kom pom tau tias yuav txais tau nyob rau cheeb tsam no tau pom nyob rau hauv ob leeg khub niam txiv:
Ntau "Ochakovskaya daj" ("Latvian daj qe") - Ib tug qub dawb plum cultivar zus nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Russia, Belarus thiab Baltic States.
Virtues:
- kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm cov xim daj;
- fruiting raws li;
- tseem ceeb tawm los (txog li 80 kg rau ib tsob ntoo).
Disadvantages:
- tus kheej ntxiv;
- shedding thiab ntes ntawm paub tab plums;
- kev saib xyuas kom zoo;
- kev ruaj ntseg ntawm paj buds thaum lub sij hawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav frosts.
Ntau yam "Nco ntawm Timiryazev" - Hloov qiv ntawm VSTISiP, sau npe hauv lub Xeev Sau txog txij xyoo 1959.
Zoo:
- self-fertility;
- zoo heev coj mus muag thiab neeg siv khoom zoo ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav luag liab (saj ntsuam - 4.2);
- bountiful sau nrog me variations nyob rau hauv regularity;
- tsis kam ua rau mob fungal;
- lub peev xwm ntawm hybrid kom rov qab los ntawm cov teeb meem ntawm huab cua.
Tsis zoo:
- tsawg lub caij ntuj no hardiness.
Cov khoom muaj txiaj ntsig los ntawm tus tshiab hybrid:
- compactness ntawm ib tsob ntoo tsawg, uas tau soj ntsuam zoo nyob rau hauv cov vaj zaub ua teb;
- self-fertility;
- cov qes dhau los;
- khoom muag zoo nkauj ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo universal, nrog cov pob txha uas yooj yim detachable;
- pom kev tseem ceeb raws li ib tug zib mu nroj ntawm lig caij nplooj ntoos hlav lub sij hawm;
- lub caij ntuj no hardiness ntawm 2.5 ntsiab lus;
- tsis kam mus rau cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob - 2-3.5 ntsiab lus.
- Lub disadvantage yog ib qho: cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog tsawg tsawg.
Qhov kev xaiv ntawm ntau yam rau orchards ntawm Nrab Belt yuav tsum yog raws li peb cov mob: txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo, yield thiab lub caij ntuj no hardiness. Ib tug tsis muaj lwm yam yog qhov kev tshwm sim tsis hloov.
Kev piav qhia plum xiav khoom plig
Nroj tsuag ntawm qhov nruab nrab vigor (txog 3 m. qhov siab); lub pob tw them nrog grey, ntxhib bark cov ntaub ntawv ib shtamb (60cm); crown ntawm nruab nrab ntom, oval nyob rau hauv cov duab. Skeletal ceg tsim qhov nce ntawm crown.
Cov tub ntxhais hluas tua yog ncaj, grayish-xim av, nrog ib lub teeb ntug, sib sau ua ke nrog bouquet twigs. Ob hom buds (vegetative thiab generative) yog nruab nrab qhov loj thiab tso tseg los ntawm kev tua; lub caij ntuj no hardiness nce.
Nplooj yog tsaus ntsuab, medium-qhov loj, lanceolate, nrog ib tug scape ntawm medium loj; nplooj ntoos phaj wrinkled rau sab pem hauv ntej thiab pubescent nyob tom qab; ntug tsis ncaj, nplua hniav zoo.
Lub paj yog dawb, pyatilepestkovy, on ib tug liab qab pedicel, sau nyob rau hauv ib tug bouquet ntawm inflorescences; ib qho thiab ib nrab ntawm kaum ob kab mob sawv cev rau tus txiv neej hauv nruab nrog cev thiab nyob rau saum lub stigma ntawm pistil (tus poj niam hauv nruab nrog cev), uas tso cai rau lub paj kom self-pollinated.
Txiv Hmab Txiv Ntoo:
- me me (14 grams), xim xiav-violet xim nrog lub tsho pom kev ntawm prune;
- ov zoo nkauj, elongated, nrog me ntsis pronounced plab suture;
- nws txuas nrog rau ib ceg ntawm ib nrab chaw soj caum;
- cov nqaij ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog tsis heev muaj kua, ntom, daj-ntsuab, nrog ib tug pob txha zoo sib cais;
- pob txha yog 7% ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov plum;
- lub saj combines tsos mob nrog rau kev noj qab nyob thiab yog nyob ntawm ib qho khoom noj suab ntawm 4 ntsiab lus.
Tsob ntoo npaj rau fruiting - 4 xyoo ntawm kev tsaws. Cov hnub muab sib haum sib haum mus rau lub thib ob ntawm lub yim hli ntuj.
Tsi tsiag ntawv los ntawm high yield yields (txog li 35kg los ntawm ib tsob ntoo). Txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog sib luag rau cov khoom noj tshiab, ziab, khov thiab ua tiav.
Ntev ntev npaum li cas ntawm cov ntoo yog 21 xyoo.
Tsis muaj leej twg yuav xav tsis thoob los ntawm ib tug pear grafted mus rau ib tsob ntoo kua, los yog ib tug Cherry grafted mus rau ib plum. Xyoo 2008, ib tug neeg Biologist tau tsim muaj 40 hom txiv ntoo ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau ib tsob ntoo, uas ib txhij tawg rau xim sib txawv thiab dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv ntau txoj kev. Yog li ntawd nws sim kom txuag rau cov xeeb ntxwv endangered tsiaj ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo nroj tsuag.
Diam duab
Pom ob peb tug duab ntawm Plum "Blue Gift" hauv qab no:
Kev kho mob
Ua ib plum tsev "Xiav khoom plig" txais txhua yam kev ntsuas kev cog thiab kev tu cov txiv ntoo ntawm cov tsiaj no. Yog nws tau cog nws nyob rau sab qis dua ntawm txoj kab nqes, vim hais tias nws nyiam noo noo, tab sis koj yuav tsum tsis txhob cia siab tias nws yuav muab tso nrog stagnation ntawm yaj dej nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav los yog av hauv qab lub qab ntug.
Nws nyiam lub vaj tse ruaj nrees, tab sis, txwv tsis pub los ntawm cov lus cog tseg ntawm nws cov neeg nyob ze (kua ntoo, pears), ua rau nws raug mob mus ntev "loj dua" nrog cov khoom tsim tawm.
Qhov zoo ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tsum yog nyob ntawm seb lub hnub thiab tshav kub twg, uas ntog rau lub sij hawm ntawm ripening.
Cov kev ntsuas tshwj xeeb:
- Plum tsob ntoo muaj ib qhov feature uas tau txov nws nyob rau hauv lub heyday ntawm productivity: cracking lub bark. Qhov no tshwm sim nrog kev loj hlob ntawm ib tsob ntoo lossis kub kub ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub caij ntuj no, thaum lub hau npog ntawm lub pob zeb tawg ntho nrog o o taws los yog cov tawv ntoo los ntawm lub hnub ua kom ntsoog tas mus li.
- Yog kab tawg nyob rau hauv lub pob tw loj hlob nyob rau tib lub caij, tsis muaj ib qho kev txaus ntshai rau plum. Tab sis lub tshav kub ntawm lub caij ntuj sov, uas hloov lub vicissitudes ntawm caij nplooj ntoos hlav, yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau kev tuag ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntawm cracking lub bark: ib tug kab mob tau txais mus rau hauv tawg, los ntawm lawv qhov kev loj hlob pib, cov ntaub so ntswg qhuav tawm. Qhov no yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub sij hawm kua dej ntws.
Kev tiv thaiv kev ntsuas - Lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav nyob rau xyoo 8 ntawm lub neej ntawm lub plum, thaum daim tawv nqaij ntawm lub pob zeb raug txiav nrog ib ncig ntawm 20 cm Qhov tob txiav yuav tsum tsis pub dhau lub thickness ntawm lub bark, thiab furrows yog sai li kis nrog vaj twawb, thiab rov ua dua no tus txheej txheem txhua txhua 4 xyoo.
"Xiav khoom plig" - ib qho kev ntseeg ntau yam rau lub vaj Lavxias teb sab, thiab yog li ntawd - khoom plig. Zoo, nws yuav tig xiav tsuas yog thaum xaus ntawm lub caij ntuj sov, thaum nws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripen.
