Farmers thiab gardeners ib txwm tau nrhiav txoj hau kev nce sau, vim siv chiv organic yog kim heev thiab nyuaj nrhiav. Cov ntxhia chiv ua rau pheej yig dua, lawv muab cov siab, tab sis tom qab ib lub sij hawm tus tswv ntawm cov zajlus pom tias cov av yog deteriorating: nws ua lub teeb, nyuaj, zeb thiab tsis lump ua ke. Cov nroj tsuag kuj tuaj zuj zus tuaj, pib loj tuaj zuj zus thiab mob ntxiv. Ib qho tsim nyog rau cov teeb meem no yog muab cov khib nyiab cov nplooj hauv lawv cov av. Compost zoo cawm tus nqi ntawm watering thiab khib nyiab sau, yuav khoom ntawm ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm fertilizer. Thiab tag nrho koj yuav tsum xa cov khoom pov tseg los ntawm chav ua noj thiab lub vaj nyob hauv ib lub thawv ntim.
Dab tsi yog compost
Compost yog ib tug sib tov ntawm ntau yam txheeb raws roj ntsha thiab organic tshuaj decomposed nyob rau hauv tus ntawm lub tseem ceeb ua si ntawm microorganisms. Zoo-npaj compost yuav txuag thiab txawm txhim kho cov av, yuav zoo kawg nkaus ua raws li fertilizer thiab mulch.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nyob rau hauv vaj khw muag khoom noj, cov khoom "compost," uas yog sib tov ntawm av thiab minerals, feem ntau pom. Nws yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav tsis meej pem nrog vaj teb compost.
Kev siv cov nplooj lwg hauv lub teb chaws
Compost siv tau txawv ntawm lub vev xaib, nws yog nyob ntawm qhov laj thawj uas koj xav tau. Compost yuav paub tab thiab tsis paub qab hau. Mature - txhais tias homogeneous thiab tsaus, muaj ib tus ntxhiab tsw zoo. Nyob rau hauv lub immature compost yuav nthuav loj, tsis yog kom meej decomposed ib qhov me: eggshell, pieces ntawm ceg, trunks ntawm paj. Nws kuj muaj ib tus ntxhiab tsw. 
Koj puas paub? Nws yog qhov tseem ntshaw thiab tseem tsim nyog los qhia txog compost los ntawm loj fibers rau hauv av nplaum av. Ntev fibers ntev tom qab lwj ua ke nyob rau hauv cov av yuav tawm hauv zoo nkauj hauv paus.Pib nrog, cov nplooj lwg tau muab tso rau ntawm ib sab qab teb kom tshem tej yam khoom phem los yog cov khib nyiab hauv tsev. Sprinkle mature compost on lub cuab ntxhiab thiab khawb. Nws yog tsim nyog khawb tawm kom zoo zoo, vim nrog nws zoo dua ntawm lub compost nrog lub ntiaj teb, poob ntawm nitrogen yuav txo, lub ntiaj teb yuav nqus ntau cov zaub mov thiab cov muab kev pab cuam. Finely av compost kuj yuav thov nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm cov av, kom muaj cov nyom nyob rau hauv lub tsev kawm ntawv yog ib qho zoo heev kev xaiv. Rau cov liaj teb loj, cov nplooj lwg yuav kis tau tawm ntawm cov av xoob thiab sib xyaw nrog lub rake. Compost rau muab yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv xws li cim: 10-15 square metres. 40-50 kg ntawm compost yog poured tshaj lub cuab ntxhiab, qhov no yog 6-9 thoob nrog ib tug ntim ntawm 10 liv.
Unripe compost yog tsuas yog siv los ntawm gardeners thiab gardeners. Nws tsim nyog rau loosening cov av thiab yog ib qho khoom noj zoo heev rau cov cua nab, fungi, microorganisms uas nyob hauv cov av. Nws yog ib tug ntev-si fertilizer, txhawb cov av ua si thiab nourishes nroj tsuag loj hlob thoob plaws hauv lub caij. Qhov no ntawm compost yog qhia los ntawm kev khawb nrog cov av, los yog nws muaj peev xwm yuav tov nrog cov av thiab muab no sib tov nyob rau hauv qhov dej rau cog. Tom qab ntawd peb yuav xyuas seb yuav ua li cas ua compost tom tsev.
Yuav ua li cas ua kom compost nrog koj tus kheej txhais tes
Harvesting compost rau dacha yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv compost cia. Koj yuav tsum muab lub thawv rau hauv lub thauv rau hauv ib qho chaw yooj yim rau tus cottager: lub vaj tsev ntawm chav ua mov, tom qab cov vaj tse ntawm kev tawm dag zog, nyob rau hauv cov chaw uas nws yuav tsis lwj cov tsos ntawm lub cuab ntxhiab. 
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Nco ntsoov xyuas seb cov dej ntws hauv cov dej li cas kom nws, ntws tawm ntawm lub qhov tob hauv, tsis poob rau hauv qhov dej.Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los khob lub thawv ntsa uas qhib lub phab ntsa tawm ntawm cov ntoo ntoo, los sis tsuas khawb ib lub qhov. Raw cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav poob rau hauv lub qhov taub yuav tsum tau txais ib qho txaus oxygen, yog li koj yuav tsum tsis txhob sib sib zog nqus, vim hais tias cov txheej txheem ua noj yuav ntev tshaj
Txoj kev ceev
Ua kom compost muab sai sai, koj yuav tau npaj cov kev npaj compost vault tej yam xws li:
- Ntxiv cov tshiab txau muaj nitrogen. Qhov no tej zaum yuav yog ib qho khoom siv raw uas muaj qhov loj ntawm cov khoom ya raws: cov zaub mov hauv chav ua noj, mowed nyom, nroj, saum.
- Muab cov khoom noj qhuav uas muaj roj. Cov ceg ntoo qhuav thiab cov nroj tsuag txua ntoo, cov quav nyab, cov quav nyab, cov nplooj ntoo, cov nplooj ntoo qhuav, cov ntoo - cov ntaub ntawv raw nrog cov khoom siv roj carbonaceous.
- Ntxiv cov tshuaj uas accelerate qhov maturation ntawm compost. Siv tau cov kab mob zoo siv ua lub tshuab ua zog thim. Cov no tuaj yeem yog cov yeasts, cov hu ua fungi, lactic bacteria, thiab photosynthesizing. Compost ripening kuj yuav accelerated nrog li niaj zaus humus. Nws yog muag hauv daim ntawv tiav hauv cov hnab, tab sis nws zoo dua thiab pheej yig dua kom nkag siab tias yuav ua li cas ua kom humus tom tsev. Ua li no, peb yuav tsum ceev cov tsiaj txhu ntawm cov tsiaj txhu los ntawm cov quav tsiaj, los yog cov ntaub thaiv npog cov ntoo, tawm hauv chav rau huab cua. Nws raug tso cai rau nkag mus rau hauv qhov humus ntawm nag, tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias cov dej tsis tas li ntxuav lub loj los ntawm. Nrog rau txhua yam kom raug, nws nyob twj ywm tos kom txog thaum nws tiav niam txiv ib daim ntawv thov, homogeneous. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias lub humus yog npaj txhij. Nws feem ntau ripens tsis pub dhau ib xyoo.
- Tswj ib qho chaw ntawm qhov sib tov sib xyaw thiab muab cov khoom sib xyaw ua kom sov tso rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm composting.
Koj puas paub? Raws li ib tug tshiab raw khoom, ntsuab manure cov qoob loo yuav tshwj xeeb zus: alfalfa, clover, legumes, sainfoin. Lawv muaj qhov nce ntxiv ntawm nitrogen.Nws yog tsim nyog yuav tau ntxiv cov khoom tshiab qhuav raw thiab humus alternating tusyees. Qhov no yuav muab lub sijhawm rau sib npaug ntawm huab cua thoob plaws hauv qhov sib tov, uas yuav muaj feem xyuam rau kev ua tau zoo ntawm fertilizer thiab nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej yuav muab peb lub fertile txoj cai compost.
Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm heap lub kub thaum lub sij hawm maturation ntawm compost ncav cuag 60-75 ° C Txhawm rau kom muaj kev sib tw ntawm tshav kub txhua lub khw, koj siv tau cov roj hmab, tarpaulin, qub carpets thiab tej daim linoleum ntawm cov khw muag khoom noj.
Tab sis qhov no tsis yog txhua yam. Yuav kom ua kom cov nplooj lwg hauv lub teb chaws, koj yuav tsum tau sib xyaw kom haum, li no faib cov dej noo thiab cua sov thoob plaws hauv lub pob zeb. Nyob rau hauv qhuav lub sij hawm ntawm lub xyoo nws ua tau thiab yuav tsum tau watered, tab sis kuj kom tsis txhob stagnation ntawm dej.
Yog tias tsis muaj ntxhiab tsw nyob ze ntawm lub npov nplooj, nws txhais tau hais tias muaj ntau ntawm ammonia thiab tsis txaus oxygen rau hauv nws, koj yuav tsum tau ntxiv cov khoom raw cov ntaub. Compost maturation nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev ceev yuav siv sij hawm ntev li 3 mus rau 8 lub hlis raws li cov kev mob uas tsim rau nws npaj. 
Kev qeeb qeeb
Composting yuav ua tau nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev qeeb. Hom no yoojyim heev. Rau lub caij pib, peb yuav tsum khawb tsis sib sib zog nqus, tab sis qhov dav txaus. Nplooj lwg yuav muaj cov nyom, cov ceg, cov ntoo phem. Nyob rau hauv no aub tsiv, koj muaj peev xwm ntxiv tshiab manure, uas mus rau maturation ntawm sib tov yuav humus, ib tug zoo ntxiv rau fertilizer. Tag nrho cov ntawm no yog loaded rau hauv aub tsiv thiab dripped nrog ib tug me me txheej ntawm av. Los npaj xws li ib tug sib tov yuav rau 2-3 xyoos.
Yog hais tias nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw muaj 2-3 qhov chaw rau cov khaus compost thiab sau lawv tsis tu ncua txhua txhua xyoo, tom qab 2-3 xyoos koj tuaj yeem tau txais cov nyiaj yuav tsum tau them rau txhua xyoo fertilization ntawm cov av.
Cov khoom ua li cas thiaj ua tau?
Kom zoo thiab ceev composting, koj yuav tsum siv:
mowed nyom thiab poob nplooj;- pw tshuaj yej bake thiab kas fes;
- cov khoom uas tsis tau kho tshav kub: cov qe qe, zaub, txiv hmab txiv ntoo;
- nyias phoov thiab ntoo plua plav;
- daim ntawv, plaub, wool, ntaub los ntawm cov khoom tsim;
- straw, sawdust, ntoo shavings, noob husks.
mowed nyom thiab poob nplooj;- fir ntoo ceg ntoo thiab tsom iav;
- tsiaj dung thiab noog droppings.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Hauv European lub teb chaws thiab hauv Teb Chaws Asmeskas hauv kev siv cov ntawv xov xwm thiab cov xim pleev xim rau cov ntaub ntawv tsis siv cov khoom tsim kev puas tsuaj thiab hnyav hlau. Yog hais tias muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog qhov zoo ntawm cov xim, ces zoo li cov khoom yog zoo dua tsis ntxiv rau lub compost.
Yuav ua li cas compost tsis tau ua
Txawm li cas los xij, tsis yog tag nrho cov khoom siv thiab khib nyiab tuaj yeem siv ua compost.
Nws tsis pom zoo rau ntxiv rau lub compost pawg:
- Cov zaub, cov qe qe thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tom qab kho cua sov.
- Mob nroj tsuag.
- Cog, ripened, perennial weeds.
- Nroj tsuag tom qab siv herbicides.
- Cov quav ntawm carnivores thiab tib neeg.
- Kev tshauv thiab cov hmoov tshauv los ntawm kev hlawv cov hlab thiab cov khoom tsis haum.
- Nroj tsuag nrog qe thiab larvae ntawm teeb meem kab.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Yuav kom ruaj ntseg compost feces ntawm carnivorous tsiaj thiab cov neeg, koj xav tau ib chav tshwj xeeb - compost tso zis tso quav. Nyob rau hauv xws li aggregates flora yog khaws cia rau lub neej ntawm microorganisms thiab worms.
Yuav ua li cas los txiav txim tias lub compost tau loj hlob
Lub tiav lawm compost yuav tsum tsaus xim av, crumbly, nws yuav tsum tsis stratify rau hauv txheej. Qhov tsis hnov tsw yuav tsum tsis ntse, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv zoo tshaj plaws lub compost tsw ntawm lub ntiaj teb damp hav zoov.
Siv cov lus pom zoo no, koj tuaj yeem ua tus compost koj tus kheej thiab ua rau cov av ntawm koj qhov chaw ntau fertile, thiab tseem ceeb tshaj - tus phooj ywg zoo.
