"Idared" - heev ib tug paub ntau yam ntawm lub caij ntuj no apples, uas yog ntau nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no peb yuav muab cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov txiv qab zib nrog rau cov duab, thiab xav txog lawv qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo.
Kev yug me nyuam yav dhau los
"Idared" - ntau yam txiv apples, uas yog bred by American breeders nyob rau hauv 1935 raws li ntawm hybridization ntawm tsis muaj tsawg dua nto hom "Jonathan" thiab "Wagner". Qhov no ntau yam yog unpretentious, yog li nws yog dav nrov, zus rau export. Los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub 60s, nws los ua ntau nyob rau hauv Ukraine thiab Russia.
Koj puas paub? Apple orchards nyob ze li ntawm 5 lab hectares ntawm cov ntiaj chaw.
Tsob ntoo piav qhia
Kua ntoo ntawm no ntau yam tsiag ntawv los ntawm loj loj. Nws yog qhov nyuaj. Tsob ntoo ncav cuag qhov siab ntawm 6 mais, yog volumetric, muaj lub cev loj, loj heev, zoo hlav nplooj uas tawm ntawm lub pob tw ntawm ib qho mob. Crown nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib lub pob, ceg them nrog ntom foliage. Bark thiab tuab ceg ntawm grey-xim av xim, cov tub ntxhais hluas ceg, raws li ib txoj cai, ntawm ib tug grey ntxoov ntxoo. Cov nplooj yog tsaus ntsuab, elongated, glossy, spiky.
Xws nta yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib tsob ntoo ntawm 5-8 xyoo, thiab nce kev loj hlob yog pom tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas Kua ntoo.
Pib mus rau Bloom nyob rau hauv 3-5 xyoos ntawm lub neej nyob rau hauv hnub kawg ntawm lub Plaub Hlis - nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov May. Lub paj yog loj, saucer-puab, dawb, nrog ib qho kev nthuav dav liab, txuas nrog corymbose inflorescences.
Tshawb xyuas ntau yam ntawm cov txiv apples: "Lingonberry", "Gala", "Florina", "Khoom plig rau gardeners", "Anis", "Golden Delicious", "Solntsedar", "Jonagold", "Arkadik", "Wonderful", " Jung thiab Starkrimson.
Txiv Hmab Txiv Ntoo Txheej
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm lub kua yog loj, weighing txog 145-175 g. Muaj ib lub khob khoob zoo, xim ntsuab-daj nrog ib tug nplua nuj crimson ntsej muag uas npog cov kua uas yuav luag tag nrho. Cov tawv nqaij yog muag heev, tab sis theej ntom, them nrog ib qho tsis muaj zog lo quav. Pulp ntawm ripe txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog lub teeb cream, muaj kua, qab zib-qaub saj, moderately odorous, nplua-grained.
Tshuaj lom neeg muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm txiv apples
| Qhuav teeb meem | 13,5 % |
| Qab zib | 10,5 % |
| Ascorbic acid | 11.5 mg / 100 g |
| P-nquag tshuaj | 120 mg / 100 g |
| Titrated acids | 0,6 % |
Calorie txiv apples "Idared" yog 47-50 kcal.
Cov nqi zog ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo
| Squirrels | 0.4 g - 2 kcal |
| Rog | 0.4 g - 4 kcal |
| Carbohydrates | 9.8 g - 39 kcal |
Zog zog ntawm cov nqaijrog, cov rog thiab carbohydrates: 3% / 8% / 83%.
Cov Teeb Kom Ua Raws Cai
Lub teeb yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas ua rau kom muaj tus txheej txheem ntawm photosynthesis. Txij li thaum lub crown ntawm tsob ntoo yog heev tsim, nws xav tau kev tu ncua sij hawm kom muab sab thiab sab saum toj illumination. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom ntseeg tau tias lub teeb txaus mus txog ob qho tib si thiab sab hauv ntawm cov yas ntawm sab qab teb thiab sab hnub poob. 
Cov av uas yuav tsum tau
Cov av nyob qhov twg qhov "Idared" apples loj hlob yuav tsum noj zoo, nrog zoo permeability thiab aeration. Qhov zoo tshaj yog qhov chaw nrog chernozem thiab lub teeb loam. Acidity (pH) - 6-7. Cov av yuav tsum tsis pub ze tshaj 2 meters ntawm qhov chaw.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Kua ntoo tsis kam thaj chaw nrog dej nyab tas li, yog li ntawd nws yuav tsum tau cog rau hauv qhov chaw siab.
Pollination
Pollen ntawm no ntau yam yog characterized los ntawm ib tug high degree ntawm resilience - 42-87%. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ntuj self-pollination, los ntawm 1.7 mus rau 2.4% ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog tsim, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm khoom neeg tsim pollination - los ntawm 2.7 mus rau 7%, los ntawm lub ntsiab pollinators - los ntawm 12 mus rau 24%. Favorable pollinators yog xws li ntau yam: Wagner, Ruby Duc, Liab qab, Gloucester, Florin. 
Kua ntoo ntawm Idared ntau yam muaj tus kheej infertility, yog li ntawd gardeners qhia cog nyob ze pollinating ntoo.
Fruiting
Hom fruiting - tov Txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog sib npaug zos nyob thoob plaws hauv qhov ntev ntawm cov ceg ntoo, tsis pom muaj dab tsi. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm harvesting, 2-3 apples yog khaws cia rau ntawm ntseg tsho. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm nce sau, txiv hmab txiv ntoo feem ntau tshwm lub me me garland.
Thawj zaug sau yuav tsum tau yuav tsum 5-6 xyoo tom qab cog ntoo.
Gestation lub sijhawm
Tiav ntawm qhov ripening caij nyoog - hnub kawg ntawm lub Cuaj Hli. Ua ntej no lub sij hawm, lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis pom zoo kom sau, raws li qhov no yuav cuam tshuam rau saj thiab zoo ntawm apples. 
Koj puas paub? Los ntawm 16th rau lub xyoo pua puv 19, Europeans zoo nkauj Xyoo tshiab ntoo nrog txiv apples, xaiv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ci.
Tawm
Kua ntoo ntawm no muaj ntau yam fruitfulness thiab tsis tuaj yeem txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Hauv qee thaj tsam, kev muaj peev xwm qhia tau zoo ib yam li 300-400 centners / his. Thaum lub hnub nyoog ntawm 6-7 xyoo txog li 30 kg ntawm apples raug muab, thaum lub hnub nyoog ntawm 10-13 xyoos txog li 90 kg.
Kev thauj khoom thiab kev cia khoom
Idared txiv apples yog cov transportable heev, yog li ntawd lawv feem ntau siv rau industrial cov hom phiaj. Cov theem ntawm feasibility ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo - 88-92%. 
Raws li txoj cai, txiv apples yuav kav ntev txog rau lub hli tsis tas yuav poob lawv cov khoom. Yog hais tias qhov chaw ntawm cia yog ib tug cellar, lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav dag rau rau lub hlis, yog hais tias qhov no yog ib lub tub yees - kom txog rau thaum lub caij ntuj sov tom ntej no.
Disease thiab Kab Tsuag tsis kam
Ib tug zoo heev vaj tse ntawm no ntau yam yog tsis kam mus rau ntau cov kab mob thiab cov pests, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog mus rau xim av qhov chaw. Nws kuj tseem yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias cov txiv qab zib no muaj cua sov ua rau tawv nqaij, yog li ntawd nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv thaum lub caij cog qoob.
Lub caij ntuj no hardiness
Loj hlob ntawm ntau hom txiv apples "Idared" yog pom zoo nyob rau hauv thaj tsam uas qhov kub tsis ntog hauv qab -20 ° C, txij thaum lub susceptibility rau khov rau hauv cov ntoo muaj siab txawm tias muaj theem ntxiv ntawm qia wrapping. Hauv thaj chaw sov degree ntawm lub caij ntuj no hardiness yog nruab nrab. 
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Kua ntoo tsis yoojyim rau cua txias heev, yog li ntawd qhov chaw nrog cov xwm txheej tsis tas yuav tsis ua haujlwm rau nws.
Siv txiv hmab txiv ntoo
Nws yog pom zoo kom noj txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab, uas khaws tag nrho cov nuj nqis. Lawv yog cov los ntawm zoo kawg nkaus juiciness, yog li lawv feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua khoom ntawm kua txiv thiab compotes. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ua tau zoo heev ziab txiv hmab txiv ntoo, jams, thiab jam. Lawv kuj tau ntxiv rau cov khoom qab zib thiab cov ncuav pastries, uas muab cov zaub mov ua ib qho qub saj.
Muaj zog thiab qaug zog
Qhov ntau yam no muaj ntau yam zoo, tiam sis qee cov neeg tsis muaj kev sib haum xeeb tau nrog nraim lawv. 
Tshaj tawm
- Yim tawm los.
- Nws tolerates dryness.
- Zoo heev thauj.
- Siab siab ntawm kev hloov kho ecological.
- Thaum ntxov fruiting.
- Txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog muab rau ib ntev lub sij hawm.
- Ntsig ntawm ib qho loj npaum li cas ntawm cov vitamins.
- Siv rau yug me nyuam tshiab ntau yam.
Ntseeg
- Low tsis kam mus rau scab thiab powdery mildew.
- Xav tau kev noj haus tas li.
Yog tias koj xav kom koj lub tsob ntoo tuaj yeem nqa txiv hmab txiv ntoo txhua txhua xyoo, nyeem seb yuav ua li cas nrog powdery mildew ntawm ib tsob ntoo kua.
Paub txog lub ntsiab ntawm cov kua ntoo "Idared" thiab ua raws li lub tswv yim tseem ceeb rau kev saib xyuas, gardeners yuav tsis yooj yim kom tau txais zoo heev sau ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
