Loj berries ntawm thaum ntxov gripe txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam "Zilga" nyiam kev lom zem nrog Baltic, Belarusian, Norwegian, Swedish thiab Canadian winegrowers. Lub hybrid tau txais txiaj ntsim thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb vim nws txoj kev paub ntau yam, kev siab siab ua rau siab thiab yooj yim ntawm cultivation. Qhov zoo, qhov tsis zoo thiab cov qauv ntawm kev saib xyuas rau ntau yam yuav tau sib tham ntxiv.
Kev yug me nyuam yav dhau los
Lub authorship ntawm ntau yam, rau ib nrab ntawm ib xyoo ntawm nws cov hav zoov, tau yeej kev hlub ntawm winemakers thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb, belongs rau Latgian breeder Paul Sukanteks. Nws muaj txog ib puas ntawm nrov ntau yam ntawm vine. Yog li ntawd, qhov novelty tam sim no aroused paj. Nws yog le maternal pollen ntawm Lavxias teb sab ntau yam paub lub sijhawm ntawd. "Cov poj niam uas muaj tawv nqaij", "Xyoo Novgorod" thiab Latvian "Dvietess".
Tus kws tshawb fawb tau tsim nws tus kheej lub hom phiaj los daws qhov teeb meem ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo-cov neeg cog khoom ntawm thaj chaw uas cov neeg caij nplooj ntoos zeeg no txawv heev. Yog li ntawd, Zilgi vine yim xis nrog lub 30-degree degree thiab tsis muaj chaw nkaum withstands snowless hnub no. Qhov ntau yam yuav siv sij hawm hauv paus txawm nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas lwm yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam tsis hibernate nyob rau hauv zoo vaj tse. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov zoo khaws ntawm ripe bunches thaum lawv ntev nyob twj ywm ntawm Bush.
Koj puas paub? Txog 80 txhiab square meters ntawm av rau tag nrho cov continents yog nyob ntawm vineyards. Ntxiv mus, ntau tshaj 70% ntawm tag nrho cov nroj tsuag yog npaj rau winemaking, 27% - rau cov sau ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab thiab tsuas yog 2% yog siv rau qhuav ntawm raisins. Qhov loj tshaj plaws cov neeg tsim tawm ntawm ntau hom txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog Spain, Fabkis, thiab Ltalis.
Kev piav qhia
Yuav kom tau txais ib lub tswv yim ntawm ntau yam, ib nyuag piav qhia ntawm Zilga grapes yuav qhia nyob rau hauv ob peb lo lus: loj-fruited, thaum ntxov ripe, lub caij ntuj no Hardy hybrid universal siv. Tab sis rau gardener ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no, ntawm chav kawm, yuav tsis txaus. Yog li ntawd, peb xav kom kawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm hom nyob rau hauv ntau yam.
Tsob nroj
Cov nroj tsuag tawm ntawm nws tus kheej los yog cov hauv paus hniav zoo nkauj thiab yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws uas yog pib ntawm 85% ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm ib xyoos. Cov qib feem ntau ncav cuag qhov nruab nrab qhov siab, thiab tus kheej-rooted nrws yog yooj yim dua. Rau hybrid bushes yam ntxwv ntawm tag nrho, nrog me me txiav peb-lobed foliage ntawm loj loj thiab ntom qauv. Txhua nplooj ntoos nyob sab nraud muaj ib qho me me haus. Qhov ntau yam muaj ib tug high self-pollination.
Bunches
Koj yuav txaus siab rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm no ntau yam nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm Lub Xya hli ntuj - Lub yim hli ntuj thaum ntxov. Lub grapes yog tightly assembled rau hauv loj cylindrical pawg, txhua tus uas ntsuas txog ib nrab ntawm ib kilogram. Feem ntau lawv muab cov tis ntxiv. Lobed thiab conical pawg kuj tshwm sim, uas yog ib qho zoo heev rau ib hom.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Yog hais tias nyob rau hauv lub nqaim loog ntawm lub cheeb tsam vineyard txwv tsis pub, cov kws paub txog cov tswv lag luam tawm tswv yim tswj tuav txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev tua, nres lawv nyob rau theem ntawm 8 qhov muag.
Lub ripeness ntawm ntau yam yog qhia los ntawm ib tug tsaus xiav ntxoov ntxoo thiab ib tug tsis muaj zog kov ntawm oval berries.. Lawv nco txog rau ib qho kev ntxim siab nrog lub teeb muscatel ntawv thiab muag heev aroma. Raws li tasting qualities, "Zilga" yog kwv yees nyob rau ntawm 7 ntsiab lus tawm ntawm ib tug tau 10. Txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj txog 20% qab zib, thiab lawv cov acidity tsis tshaj 5 g / l.
Kawm ntau ntxiv txog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo li "Nizina", "Valek", "Victor", txiv hmab txiv ntoo Burdak AV, "Lily ntawm Valley", "In Memory of Negrul", "Libya", "Talisman", "Valentine", " Romeo "," Victoria "," Sofia "," Halachi "," Furor "," Hloov "," Baikonur "," Extra ".
Ib tug yam ntxwv feature ntawm ntau yam yog rau ib co twg jelly pulp, tuab tev thiab 2-3 nplej sab hauv. Chav siv siv berries rau cov khoom noj, ua cov qhob cij, kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab cov kua qaub. Qee qhov kev txheeb xyuas hais tias yog tias txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsis tau muab tshem tawm los ntawm lub vine rau ib lub sij hawm ntev, lawv yuav maj mam pib ua kom siab txog hnub thiab tej zaum yuav ncav cuag lub xeev ntawm raisins.
Yam ntxwv ntawm ntau yam
Vim muaj kev sib xyaw kom zoo ntawm niam txiv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, tus creator ntawm hybrid tau txhais rau kev muaj tseeb tag nrho cov kev npau suav ntawm gardeners nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam nrog ib tug hnyav kev nyab xeeb. Nrog rau kev kawm theem pib, qhov ntau yam pub rau sau cov khoom qoob siab ntawm high-quality txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab tsis txhob txhawj tias nroj tsuag tsis ciaj sia lub caij ntuj no los yog yuav raug puas tsuaj los ntawm kab tsuag thiab pathogens, microorganisms. Cia peb xav txog nyob rau hauv ntau dua kom meej nyob rau hauv qhov kev piav qhia ntawm grape ntau yam "Zilga" nws lub ntsiab nta.
Koj puas paub? Ukrainians suab tsis tau noj grapes. Qhov no xaus yog los ntawm kws tshuaj ntsuam, tshuaj ntsuam txhua xyoo noj ntawm lub rooj ntau yam ntawm kab lis kev cai. Nws hloov tawm hais tias nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws txhua txhua pej xeem tsis noj txawm ib kilogram ntawm berries rau ib xyoos, ntawm tus nqi ntawm 10 kilograms.
Tawm
Qhov nruab nrab, tsis pub ntau tshaj 3 pawg ua ke ntawm ib qho tua ntawm "Zilgi". Thiab txhua yam txog tsib caug berries. Nyob rau hauv dej siab mob rau cultivation ntawm nroj tsuag los ntawm Bush, koj muaj peev xwm sau txog li 12 kg ntawm qoob loo.
Gestation lub sijhawm
"Silga" yog cais rau ntau yam thaum ntxov. Botanists txiav txim siab qhov zoo sij hawm ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripeness nyob rau hauv 120 hnub, thiab cov neeg tau txais kev pab hais tias nyob rau hauv dej siab mob tej yam kev mob ripe berries tshwm tom qab 100 hnub. Hauv particular, ib qho qauv zoo sib xws nyob hauv cov cheeb tsam qab teb, qhov chaw uas muaj kev nyab xeeb.
Koj yuav xav paub cov neeg txawj ntse, thaum ntxov thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo
Lub caij ntuj no hardiness
Genetic endurance ntawm ntau yam kom txias yog lub ntsiab haujlwm nyob rau hauv yug me nyuam "Zilgi". Thiab qhov tshwm sim tau rightly yuav suav hais tias yog ib tug ua tau zoo ntawm Latvian breeders. Tom qab tag nrho, ib vine tsis muaj vaj tse yuav siv lub caij ntuj no txawm nyob rau hauv 32 degrees ntawm Frost.
Kab Mob thiab Kab Tsuag Kab Tsuag
Zilga tsis rhiab rau cov kev tawm tsam ntawm teeb meem kab thiab pathogens. Tab sis nyob rau hauv tej yam kev mob ntawm ntub rainy lub caij ntuj sov, thaum ib tug txaus siab ib puag ncig rau kev loj hlob ntawm ntau fungi yog tsim, nws muaj peev xwm raug cuam tshuam los ntawm grey rot, mildew, thiab oidium typical rau tag nrho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau yam. Yog li, cov kws qhia ntawv tau pom zoo ob zaug ib lub caij los tiv thaiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nrog tej fungicide ("Fundazol", "Maxim") lossis nrog ib feem ntawm cov dej Bordeaux sib tov.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Thaum cog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ua ib qho chaw chiv rau hauv ib rooj plaub, tsis txhob siv cov npua nroj tsuag tshiab los yog rov ua dua los ntawm lwm cov nyuj. Raws li ib txoj cai, nws muaj ntau larvae ntawm teeb meem beetles, uas, mus rau qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv txoj kev loj hlob, yuav pib pub rau ntawm kab txob.
Ntawm cov kab uas yog cov feem ntau ua rau cov tswv ntawm vineyards yog nkawj. Sai li sai tau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo pib siav, lawv sai li sai tau flock txhua qhov chaw mus rau ib qho delicacy qab zib. Tom qab ntawd, cov pawg poob lawv cov tsos ntuj pom. Thiab berries sai deteriorate. Yuav kom txuag cov qoob loo los ntawm cov kab mob striped qab zib, cov tswv paub txog tswv yim tawm thawj tshem tag nrho cov nkuaj txhawj nyob rau hauv vaj. Nws yog qhov zoo uas yuav tau ua qhov no thaum hmo ntuj thaum kab yog tsaug zog. Nws yog qhov zoo dua los khob lawv hauv ib lub thoob nrog dej kub npau npau los yog hauv ib lub hnab nrog cov tshuaj tua kab ("Aktara", "Bi - 58 New", "Aktelli") paj yeeb. Yog hais tias rau kev tswj yus tus kheej koj tsis muaj lub siab tawv txaus los yog lwm yam uas koj tsis tuaj yeem ua raws li koj lub tswv yim, tiv thaiv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv cov hnab yas tshwj xeeb. Txij li thaum sib ntaus nrog wasps feem ntau tsis tuaj yeem coj lub siab xav, kom muaj kev nyab xeeb, muab cov khoom tsim ua los ntawm yas hwj nyob ze ntawm vine.
Peb kuj qhia koj kom paub koj tus kheej nrog yuav ua li cas nrog flail thiab khaus ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Cog thiab xaiv ntawm seedlings
Kws txawj hu lub sij hawm zoo rau rooting lub vine caij nplooj ntoos hlavthaum cov huab cua ruaj khov thiab hauv av ua kom sov txaus. Tab sis qhov kev npaj rau cog yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Yuav kom lub hybrid tsim zoo, tawm mus txog 30 buds on Bush.
Twb tau nyob rau hauv ob xyoo caum ntawm Cuaj hlis - thaum ntxov Lub kaum hli ntuj, koj yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab nyob rau hauv lub site ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej Bush cog thiab npaj av rau nws. Hom phiaj rau "Zilgi", qhov chaw tiv thaiv los ntawm cov qauv tsim yog qhov chaw uas cov cua hauv sab qaum teb tsis muaj cai, thiab dej tsis sau thaum thaw thiab nag lossis daus.
Tom qab khawb qhov chaw xaiv ua lub qhov rau ib nrab ntawm ib qho chaw tob thiab dav. Npog nws qab nrog ib txheej ntawm kua, ces npog li ib nrab nrog fertile nutrient av. Feem ntau, gardeners siv compost, nqaij qaib manure los yog nees manure thiab saum txheej ntawm av rau lub hom phiaj no. Tag nrho cov khoom yog tov hauv vaj huam sib luag. Ntxiv cov khoom phom loj. Agrochemists qhia kom muab tag nrho cov chiv raws li qhov teeb meem ntawm qhov muaj feem thib thiab tsuas yog ces ncuav tawm cov av. Lub qhov tsoo puv mus rau saum, npog nrog ib lub hnab yas tsaus thiab tawm mus txog thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav.
Nws yog ntshaw kom tau ib lub sapling thaum lub sij hawm thaum koj npaj cog. Ua kom zoo dua hauv cov chaw tu neeg thiab cov vaj tsev. Nco ntsoov tias qhov zoo ntawm cog khoom txiav txim siab qhov muaj peev xwm thiab muaj ntawm Bush rau tsib xyoos tom ntej no, yog li thaum xaiv, yuav tsum ceev faj. Coj zoo saib ntawm hauv paus system thiab lub stems. Lawv yuav tsum muaj ib lub ntsej muag tsis muaj teeb meem, dawb ntawm blotches, cov kab nrib pleb thiab lwm yam khoom kho kev puas tsuaj.
Koj puas paub? Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm grapes muaj txog 150 active tshuaj thiab ntau tshaj ib lub kaum os qhov tseem ceeb vitamins nrog ib tug calorie ntsiab lus ntawm 65 kcal.
Lub keeb kwm ntawm ib tug zoo seedling yuav tsum yog tus thiab tshiab. Nco ntsoov tias lawv tsis yog qhov chaw, qhuav los yog cov cheeb tsam frostbitten. Kev paub gardeners yog qhia kom me ntsis kos lub hau ntawm lub hauv paus txheej txheem. Fresh ntoo uas tshwm rau ntawm qhov chaw mob ntawd qhia tias freshness ntawm seedling.
Los ntawm cov lus thov ntawm grape seedlings, muab preference mus rau lub feem ntau haib thiab zoo tsim. Yog tias koj xav yuav ib qho khoom siv, xaiv cov ntawv luam nrog ib nrab-meter rhizome thiab ib tug hmab. Yuav tsum muaj tsawg kawg yog ib kaum-centimeter tua nyob rau hauv paus saplings.
Tam sim ntawd ua ntej rooting koj yuav tsum tau muab lub seedling nyob rau hauv ib lub thawv dej Yog tias xav tau, koj tuaj yeem tau ntxiv rau txoj kev loj hlob. Tom qab ntawd, lub keeb kwm yuav tsum tau kho nrog ib tug av nplaum mash uas yuav txuag lawv los ntawm ziab tawm.
Thaum cog nyob rau hauv ib tug aub tsiv npaj los ntawm Autumn, lawv tshem tawm cov tsim nyog txheej ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiaj li hais tias keeb kwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag yog xis. Tom qab ntawd lub qhov sib sib zog nqus yog dej kom txog thaum av ceases nqus dej noo. Tom qab hais tias koj muaj peev xwm muab ib tug seedling nyob rau hauv lub qhov, ncaj nws cov keeb kwm thiab npog nws nrog substrate. Tsis txhob hnov qab tamp nws kom zoo zoo rau cov voids ua nyob rau hauv hauv paus system. Xyuas kom paub tseeb tias 2 tus saib xyuas tau raug tsa saum cov av. Yog hais tias peb tham txog ib tug Bush Bush, qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj yuav tsum yog 3 centimeters siab tshaj cov av.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Thaum cog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj, ua kom qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov nroj tsuag tsis pub dhau 1.5-2 meters.Tom qab cog, lub hybrid xav tau yuav tsum tau watered thiab mulched ib zaug ntxiv nrog humus los yog peat nyob ze lub pob tw lub cev. Mulch yuav tiv thaiv lub evaporation ntawm noo noo thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm weeds.
Kev kho mob nta
"Zilga" tau tsim nws tus kheej ua ib qho undemanding thiab xav thov ua ntau yam txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Rau tag nrho txoj kev loj hlob thiab tshaj fruiting ntau yam xav tau kev mob noo noo, raws sij hawm pub thiab peev xwm pruning. Peb yuav to taub txhua yam hauv kev txiav txim.
Koj puas paub? Lub npe ntawm ntau yam "Zilga" nyob rau hauv txhais lus los ntawm Latvian lus txhais tau tias "xiav".
Watering
Lub hybrid yuav teb zoo rau nruab nrab moist av, tab sis yuav mob siab thiab toy nyob rau hauv lub marshland. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau dej cov nroj tsuag nrog rau qhov chaw ntawm av. Cov dej khov thiab kev sib xyaw ntsev yuav tsum muaj cov menyuam yaus tom qab cog, zoo li thaum pib ntawm lub caij cog qoob loo ua ntej cov kab tshoob. Tom qab ub, thaum lub zes qe pib rau ntawm vine, nws yog pom zoo kom hais tias watering nres thiab resumed tsuas yog raws li qhov tsim nyog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ntev huab cua sov. Kws txawj qhia kom ua rau lub vov ntus rau qhov dej ntawm cov phab ntsa.
Sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws
Nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim rau lub hybrid mus dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo txhua txhua xyoo, tus gardener yuav tsum ua ib qho kev rau siab. Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv kev noj thiab alkalization ntawm acidic lub ntiaj teb. Tab sis tsuas yog tsuas yog ib cov organic los yog ntxhia cov tshuaj muaj feem xyuam tsis zoo. Tseeb, nyob rau txhua txhua theem ntawm kev loj hlob, ib Bush yuav tsum muaj tej yam Cheebtsam.
Kev tsis paub txog kev ua kom exacerbates kev loj hlob ntawm lub vine, yog li nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom to taub dab tsi thiab thaum twg ua kom ib tug Bush. Piv txwv li, thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thaum muaj kev kub ntxhov nce hauv biomass pib, cov nroj tsuag xav tau nitrogen. Yog li ntawd, cov kws qhia tawm tswv yim nyob rau theem no ntawm txoj kev loj hlob los siv siv urea, ammonium nitrate los yog ib qho kev daws los ntawm Txoj kev lis ntshav ntawm nqaij qaib. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm flowering kab lis kev cai xav tau phosphoric tshuaj. Yog li ntawd, superphosphates yog pom zoo rau chiv. Thiab kom ntxiv dag zog rau lub vine thiab cuttings grape txhuam xav tau poov tshuaj. Nws yog qhov zoo dua kom nws nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, zoo li tooj liab, uas cuam tshuam lub txiaj ntsim-resistant zoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm tso tom ntej no sau, zinc yuav tsis cuam tshuam, uas cuam tshuam lub xov tooj ntawm berries. Tab sis rau lawv cov tsos thaum lub sij hawm tsim ntawm ovary, nws yuav tsum tau mus pub lub shrub nrog ib tug daws ntawm boric acid.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Grapes yuav tsum tau 3-4 dressings: nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav, 2 lub lis piam ua ntej flowering, ua ntej lub ripeness ntawm lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab tom qab lawv raug muab tshem tawm los ntawm vine.
Pruning
Qhov no yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav los yog lub caij nplooj zeeg lig. Thiab koj yuav tsum tau pib ntawm ob-xyoos bushes. Nyob rau ntawm "Silga" lawv xyaum siv kiv cua-txiav, uas yuav tsum muaj zog 2-3 tua thiab tshem tawm ntawm lawv qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm qhov muag ntawm 8 lub qhov muag.
Zoo li lwm yam thaum ntxov gripe grapes, no hybrid muab ntau ntawm whips. Lawv yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm, txwv tsis pub lub vine yuav tsis muaj lub sij hawm mus rau ripen, thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no nws muaj cuab kav ua puas lub Bush. Muaj ntau cov neeg cog lus tshiab tsis txaus siab, hais tias feem ntau ntawm cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm. Ib txhia tseem xav hais tias tom qab tswv yim pom zoo rau cov pob kws nws yuav tsum tau rov qab los. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, kws txawj hais tias intensive pruning yuav tsis ua mob lub grapes, tab sis on qhov tsis tooj, nws yuav zoo rau nws. Xav txog qhov ceeb thawj ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej pawg thiab tsis tshaj lub hav txwv yeem.
Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo ntawm ntau yam
Nyob rau hauv kev xyuas txog ntau yam "Zilga" gardeners feem ntau hais nws cov nram qab no zoo:
- endurance rau advers climatic puag;
- zoo rooting nqi ntawm seedlings thiab ceev adaptation nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw tshiab;
- unpretentious zov;
- tau ntawm kev cog qoob rau hauv txoj kev uas tsis muaj kev pov puag;
- siab yielding;
- siab khoom noj thiab saj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo;
- qoob loo tuaj;
- universality nyob rau hauv kev siv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
"Zilga" sawv tawm tsis tsuas cov kab mob uas tsis muaj zog-txias ib tug thiab ntau fruitfulness ntawm tua. Yog hais tias koj tsis tshem tawm cov sib tw, tsis muaj zog thiab tsis tseem ceeb ceg, tus nroj tsuag yuav tsuas ua puas nws tus kheej hauv qhov hnyav ntawm pawg.
