Kev thov rau cov txiv apples pom zoo txhua lub sijhawm ntawm lub xyoo. Tab sis tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav thaum tseem ntxov, peb thiaj li xav tau ib tug muaj kua thiab kua txiv apple. Lub caij ntuj sov kua ntau hom twb tau noj. Koj tuaj yeem xaiv cov txiv av qab zib, tab sis lawv pheej yig thiab feem ntau yog cov khoom noj. Yog li ntawd, qhov tshwj xeeb kev hlub ntawm gardeners tsim nyog Autumn ntau yam, uas tom qab ripen thiab zoo khaws cia. Nws yog rau cov ntau yam thov Kua ntoo "Zhigulevskoe". Nws loj, six thiab fragrant txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripen nyob rau hauv lig Cuaj Hlis thiab khaws tag nrho lawv cov kev zoo mus txog rau thaum pib ntawm lub Peb Hlis Ntuj.
Keeb kwm ntawm Kua ntoo "Zhigulevskoe".
Ntau tshaj li 80 xyoo dhau los, nyob rau ntawm lub chaw ua lag luam Kuibyshev, lub hlav Sergey Pavlovich Kedrin (1905-1981) hla ob hom - cov laus Lavxias teb sab Borovinka vulgaris thiab cov transatlantic (los ntawm USA) Wagner Prize. Lub hom phiaj yog kom tau txais ib lub vas nthiv loj hlob kua ntoo nrog high yields, tiv taus cov kab mob thiab cov kab tsuag, muaj peev xwm muab cov vitamins rau tag nrho lub caij ntuj no. Thawj tsob ntoo ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoo tshiab ntau lub caij nplooj zeeg tau cog rau hauv 1936. Txij li ntawd los, ntau yam ntawm apples "Zhigulevskoe" tau tau koob meej tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Russia, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv ntau lwm lub teb chaws ntawm lub ntiaj teb.
Nqe lus piav txog lub kua ntau "Zhigulevskoe"
Cov ntau yam tshiab muab qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm nws niam nws txiv. Los ntawm "Wagner's prize" tau txais cov paib thiab precociousness, yam ntxwv saj, lub peev xwm ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo kom khaws lawv cov tseem ceeb zoo mus txog rau Lub Ob Hlis. Los ntawm "Borovinka zoo tib yam" - kev loj hlob sai thiab maturation ntawm tsob ntoo, medium loj, tus kab mob tsis kam, simplicity thiab txias tsis kam. Kua "Zhigulevskoe" muaj cov lus piav qhia nram qab no.
Yam ntxwv ntawm tsob ntoo
Kua ntoo ntawm no ntau yam muaj cov nram qab no thaj chaw:
- kev loj hlob sai. Nyob rau hauv plaub lub xyoo tom qab cog, thawj qoob loo yog harvested, nyob rau hauv thib rau-xya, lub tsob ntoo kua yog tag nrho ripened (yields txog li 250-300 kg ntawm apples);
- nruab nrab txoj kev loj hlob (loj tuaj mus rau ntau kawg ntawm 3 m);
- sab pyramidal non-corona. Ceg ntoo tuaj yeem hais txuas ntxiv, tsawg. Lub teeb thiab huab cua permeability ntawm crown yog zoo;
- tua tsim hauv qab nruab nrab. Cov tub ntxhais hluas tsaus xim av tua ncaj;
- nplooj yog cov loj, oblong-ovate, nrog serrated sawv thiab nplua nuj ntsuab pigmentation. Cov tswv yim ntawm nplooj yog cov sib ntswg;
- Bloom dawb thiab loj paj;
- tsaus xim av tsoo.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Raum kua "Zhigulevskoe" awaken Peb Hlis Ntuj - Lub Plaub Hlis. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm caij nplooj ntoos hlav frosts muaj ib qho kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj.
Txiv Hmab Txiv Ntoo Characteristic
Cov txiv ntawm qib no txawv ntawm ib qho zoo tshaj tawm kev lag luam:
- loj loj, ib-seem (ntawm qhov nruab nrab, qhov nyhav ntawm ib lub kua txiv yog los ntawm 150 mus rau 300 g);
- hloov cov duab (uas tsis tshua muaj tubercles);
- cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo muaj ib qho ruaj, me ntsis oily tev;
- sab nrig yog daj-liab, striped, nrog ib tug qhia tau ntsej mua nce ntshav;
- sunflower noob - tsaus xim av, me me;
- lub pulp muaj xim nplaum; kev sib tw, nrog ib lub qauv tawv ntoo;
- saj - qhia tau qaub-qab zib;
- hais tau ntxim ntxim hlub kua tsw qab;
- Calorie - 50 kcal.
Koj puas paub? Lub caij loj hlob ntawm tsob ntoo ntoo "Zhigulevskoe" yog 175 hnub.
Pros thiab cons qoob
"Zhiguli" Kua muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov khoom pab tshwj xeeb. (rau cov uas ntau yam tau txais txiaj ntsig thoob ntiaj teb):
- high yield (ncov - 10 xyoo);
- kev loj hlob sai ntawm tsob ntoo thiab kev hnyav;
- high marketability ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo;
- zoo saj cov yam ntxwv;
- tsis kam mus rau kab mob ntawm cov kab xau;
- synchronous ripening txiv hmab txiv ntoo;
- ripe txiv hmab txiv ntoo stick rau ceg - tus sau yog yooj yim sau tsis tau ua puas lub apples;
- Ntev ntev lub neej (2-3 Hlis) yam tsis muaj kev txi.
- nruab nrab lub caij ntuj no hardiness (ib txojsia los ntawm Meskas "Wagner");
- raug tshav kub;
- laus ntoo dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo tom qab ib lub caij los yog ob, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qis me me;
- kev ruaj ntseg rau moth.
Nws tseem yuav nthuav mus nyeem txog lwm yam ntawm cov kua ntoo, uas yog: "Moscow pear", "Silver hoof", "Orlik", "Shtreyfling", "Npau suav" thiab "Semerenko".
Cov kev cai rau xaiv cov tub ntxhais hluas seedlings thaum yuav
Cov khoom cog zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cov chaw khomob tshwjxeeb lossis ntawm cov neeg muag khoom. Ib tug sapling yuav tsum tau xaiv los ntawm ib tug mus rau ob rau xyoo nroj tsuag (pib los ntawm lub hnub nyoog ntawm peb, nws yuav tsum muaj hauv paus zuj zus thiab ua ntau yooj yim rau fungi). Sapling yuav tsum tau muab coj los ua. Xaiv cov kua ntoo, nws yuav tsum raug kuaj xyuas. Muaj cov nram qab no cov cim qhia ntawm zoo seedlings:
- zoo-tsim paus system (tsawg kawg ob skeletal keeb kwm (30 cm txhua) thiab fibrous keeb kwm);
- kauj caj npab (hauv qab nws cov ntaub qhwv ntsuab, hnav kom pom koj yuav tsum txuag me ntsis);
- ywj pheej cov hauv paus;
- kho qhov chaw zoo nkauj yuav tsum tau flattened thiab them nrog bark;
- kuj qev qia tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj nrog skeletal ceg ntawm ib lub nkhaus.
Koj puas paub? Tsaug rau breeders, feem ntau cov vaj teb Kua ntoo ncav cuag ib qhov siab ntawm 2-3 meters. Nyob rau hauv cov xwm, Kua ntoo tau loj hlob mus txog 15-20 meters.
Txoj cai cog seedlings
Kua "Zhigulevskoe" pib dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv plaub lub xyoo, tab sis nyob rau hauv kev mob uas cog thiab kev saib xyuas ntawm lub Kua ntoo tau ua kom raug.
Lub sijhawm zoo tshaj plaws rau thaj av
Cov kws txiav plaub ntug pom zoo cog cov txiv ntoo hauv qab ntawm lub Plaub Hlis (thaum lub caij sib sau ua ke), tab sis los npaj lub qhov cog rau lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg (lub teb chaws nyob hauv nws yuav ua rau cov pa oxygen).
Xaiv lub tsev tsaws: cov cai rau av thiab teeb pom kev zoo
Kua ntoo nyiam qoob loo uas muaj cov av qis thiab kua dej zoo. Nruab nrab loamy xau yog tsim rau.
Rau qhov qub kev loj hlob ntawm Kua ntoo "Zhigulevskoe" thiab cultivation ntawm ib tug zoo sau nroj tsuag yuav tsum tau muab tshav ntuj txaus. Kev xaiv ib qho chaw rau ib lub sapling, koj yuav tsum tsis txhob muab cov chaw ntxoov ntxoo. Yuav kom tiv thaiv tau cov ntoo ntawm obscuring ib leeg, tawm ib tug deb ntawm 4-5 meters nruab nrab ntawm lawv.
Npaj ua haujlwm rau ntawm qhov chaw
Kev tsaws tsaws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua ntej - rau ob peb lub hlis. Npaj ua hauj lwm rau ntawm qhov chaw nyob ntawm cov av fertility. Yog hais tias cov av yog qhov zoo, ces fertilizer yuav tsum tsis txhob siv. Nws yog txaus kom khawb ib qhov 60 × 60 × 60 cm, loosen nws qab los ntawm 15-20 cm thiab tawm nws mus rau saum huab cua. Yog hais tias cov av yog cov neeg pluag, ces nws yuav tsum tau fertilized. Qhov tob ntawm lub qhov cog yuav ua ces yuav tsum yog 1 m. Lub sab saum toj (dub lub ntiaj teb) txheej, muab rho tawm ntawm lub qhov dej, yuav tsum tov nrog peat (1-2 thoob), superphosphate (300 g), poov tshuaj chloride (40 g), tshauv (300 g). Nitrogen-muaj chiv tsis siv - lawv yuav ua rau Burns mus rau lub keeb kwm.
Seedlings npaj
Ua ntej cog ib qho kua ntoo, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los npaj seedlings. Yog tias cov kua txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav qhib nrog cov hauv paus hniav thiab lawv tau qhuav lawm, ces lawv yuav tsum tau soaked hauv dej rau ib ntu ntawm 4 mus rau 12 xuab moos (nws muaj peev xwm ntau dua) kom rov qab tuaj yeem. Puas los yog tawg tawm cov tswv yim ntawm rhizomes yuav tsum tau trimmed nrog ib tug pruner ntse (tso lub slices dipped nyob rau hauv ib tug av cley). Saplings nrog keeb kwm nyob rau hauv ib tug coma ntawm lub ntiaj teb yuav tsum tsuas yog tso los ntawm burlap.
Stepwise tsaws txheej txheem
Cog cog qoob loo muaj cov haujlwm nram qab no:
- nteg kua rau hauv qab ntawm lub qhov taub - cib pwm, coarse xuab zeb;
- sau lub qhov tsoo los ntawm ob feem peb nrog cov khoom noj sib tov sib xyaw;
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Lub peg, uas yog siv thaum cog lub seedling, yuav tsum tau sharpened thiab charred ntxeev rau qhov hluav taws kub, - nws yuav qeeb ntawm qhov nkag mus ntawm ya raws.
- Ntxig ib lub peg rau hauv qhov chaw thiab muab ib daim phuam rau nws. Lub hauv paus caj dab yuav tsum protrude 5-7 cm saum toj no cov av theem;
- sib npaug faib cov keeb kwm nyob rau hauv aub tsiv, sim tsis ncaj lawv thiab, periodically compacting, sprinkle nrog fertile av;
- khi lub thoob rau lub pas;
- ua ib lub qhov (ntawm av thaj av ua ib lub cushion nrog nws cov perimeter) thiab ncuav 3-4 thoob dej rau nws;
- Hlawv mus txog 7 cm (peat, nplooj, straw, humus). Cog ib tug seedling nrog ib tug kaw paus system yog yooj yim - muab tag nrho chav tsev nyob rau hauv ib qhov, ncuav lub ntiaj teb thiab dej nws.
Tom ntej no mus rau cov ntoo ntawm tsob ntoo, koj tuaj yeem cog tsob ntoo, plums, cherry plums, pears, cherries, cherries thiab quinces nyob hauv koj lub vaj.
Cov cai ntawm kev saib xyuas lub caij rau cov ntoo kua "Zhigulevskoe"
Tsob ntoo yuav tsum tu kom zoo. Nws muaj xws li dej, chiv, pob txha, tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kab tsuag.
Pollination
Qib "Zhigulevskoe" - nws yog ib hom qoob loo ntawm nws tus kheej (ob peb lub hauv paus ntoo yog pollinated los ntawm lawv tus kheej pollen li nws tus kheej-fertile ntau yam). Autumn varieties ("Borovinka", "Antonovka", "Kutuzovets", "Anis striped", thiab lwm yam) yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig-pollinators. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob sib ze yog nyob deb ntawm tsis pub tshaj 50 m.
Kev tiv thaiv thiab kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam kab tsuag thiab kab mob
Txiv Hmab Txiv Ntoo "Zhigulevskoe" yog heev resistant rau scab thiab sim mus rau lwm cov kab mob.
Ntawm txoj kev txhawj xeeb tshaj plaws:
- swb los ntawm powdery mildew (nplooj yuav tsum tau kho nrog daws ntawm Topaz los yog Scor - 2 ml ib 10 l dej);
- npauj (ob tiam). Rau prophylaxis ua ntej flowering, lub tsob ntoo kua yuav tsum tau saib ob zaug (nrog ib lub lim tiam so) nrog wormwood Extract. Pab tawm tsam no Kab Tsuag thiab brooms ntawm wormwood, uas khi mus rau ceg ntawm tsob ntoo. Koj yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tshem tawm cov nplooj poob;
- lwm yam kab tsuag. Kev Ntsuas - Lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo (cov tub ntxhais hluas cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nrog chalk, qub nrog txiv qaub), txau nrog ib qho kev tov ntawm Karbofos (70 g ib 10 l) tom qab lub tsob ntoo kua muaj tawg paj;
- sunburn bark. Los ntawm kev kub hnyiab ntawm cov kab nrib pleb tshwm tuaj, bast yog raug, qhov chaw fungi thiab teeb meem kab teeb meem nkag mus. Qhov chaw ntawm qhov mob yuav tsum tau kho - txiav qhov puas tsuaj nrog ib tug ntse riam thiab npog nws nrog ib tug vaj teb twawb. Los ntawm qhov kub ntawm lub pob tw pab dawb thiab daim tawv tuab los yog duab los qhia, uas yog nrog rau qhov chaw qhib ntawm pob tw;
- nibbling bark nrog hares thiab nas. Yuav kom tiv thaiv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, Kua trunks yog them nrog spruce ceg, vov tsev ntsoov, thiab lwm yam.
Tsis tu ncua
Kev tu ib tsob ntoo muaj tsob ntoo muaj xws li niaj zaus ywg dej (2-3 phaj rau ib tsob ntoo). Nws yog qhov zoo dua los ua nws thaum ntxov nyob rau hauv thaum sawv ntxov los yog thaum yav tsaus ntuj. Qhov nruab nrab, 5-6 irrigations ib hlis twg yuav tsum tau, thiab thaum lub sij hawm drought, raws li cov av dries.
Nyob rau yav tsaus ntuj nws yog ib qhov tseem ceeb los siv sprinkling Nws kuj pab raws li kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam kab tsuag.
Weeding thiab loosening cov av
Li zaus loosening ntawm cov av nyob ze lub hauv paus lub voj voog pub rau txhawm rau huab cua thiab dej permeability ntawm cov av. Loosening yog ib txwm nqa tawm ua ntej txhua qhov dej, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv twg cov dej yuav tsis stagnate, thiab lub keeb kwm yuav tau txais oxygen. Rau qhov zoo dua ntawm cov pa oxiden, gardeners pom zoo siv ib tug crowbar ua ob peb punctures nyob rau hauv cov av 40 cm sib sib zog nqus raws perimeter ntawm crown ntawm ib tsob ntoo kua.
Fertilization
Thawj ob los yog peb lub xyoo cog seedlings tsis fertilize. Tom qab 3-4 xyoos, cov ntoo hluas yuav tsum pub mis (tsawg kawg peb zaug hauv ib xyoos):
- nruab nrab caij nplooj ntoos hlav - 0.5 kg ntawm urea rau ib tsob ntoo (rotted manure yuav siv tau);
- nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov (thaum pib flowering) "Zhigulevskoe" xav tau nitrogen fertilizer (qhov kev qhia yog muab tso rau ntawm cov khoom ntim). Dej qus dej kuj yuav tuaj yeem ua ke (lub quarter ntawm ib lub thoob yuav tsum tov nrog peb lub quarters dej);
- tom qab flowering - fertilizer nitrofoskoy.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Kev paub gardeners, tham txog li cas koj yuav tau nce lub tawm los ntawm Kua "Zhigulevskoe", yog qhia kom siv lub fertilizer nitrophoska. Qhov no yuav ua rau kom cov qoob loo li 10-15%.
Sau cov pob txha
Pruning regulates tsis tsuas yog lub duab ntawm crown, tab sis kuj cuam tshuam qhov loj ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, lawv cov qab zib cov ntsiab lus. Lawv pib pruning twb nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo ntawm lub neej - ua ntej cog, tus ceg ntawm seedling yuav ua tau me ntsis shortened (txog li 30%).
Ua pruning nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav (tsis pub dhau Lub Plaub Hlis). Ua ib qho cuab yeej ntse. Qhov chaw slices yuav tsum tau kho nrog vaj twawb. Qhuav ceg lubricate sai li sai tau, cov tub ntxhais hluas - hnub tom ntej. Kua ntoo cov tswv yim pruning yuav tau tshem ntawm:
- qhuav los yog muaj mob tua kab;
- tua uas loj hlob hauv cov yas;
- tua uas loj hlob.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tsis tshaj li ¼ ntawm tag nrho cov ceg yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm.
Nyob rau hauv thawj lub caij tom qab cog, txiav tawm tag nrho cov paj. Nyob rau hauv thawj zaug fruiting lub caij, 50% ntawm tag nrho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo mus txog 3 cm nyob rau hauv lub cheeb yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm.
Npaj rau lub caij ntuj no
Ua ntej lub caij ntuj no npaj rau ntawm Tsob Ntoo Chiv Chiv Tsob Ntoo Chiv muaj:
- hilling, loosening thiab mulching ntawm lub cev lub voj voog;
- kho lub qia nrog ib tug daws ntawm ferrous sulfate;
- wrapping nrog ruberoid, ntawv ci, spruce spruce ceg, thiab lwm yam nrog pob tw npog khoom tiv thaiv tawm tsam Frost thiab luav.
Koj puas paub? Iav cov khoom ua si rau Christmas tsob ntoo lawv cov keeb kwm txog caij nplooj zeeg txiv ntoo. Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv ntoob rau Western Europe muaj ib tug neeg pluag hlais. Txij li thaum muaj ib qho kev lig kev cai hauv Fabkis los kho Christmas tsob ntoo nrog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo liab, iav tuaj yeem tsim los hloov cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas yog liab iav.
Harvesting thiab cia
Qhov ntau yam yog hu ua high-yielding - txog li 250-300 kg ntawm apples yuav harvested los ntawm ib tsob ntoo, thiab tu thiab pruning ntawm ib tsob ntoo kua yuav cia txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj hlob nyob rau hauv loj. Qoob loo feem ntau pib tom qab lub Cuaj Hlis 5 (nyob rau hauv qhuav lub caij - thaum xaus ntawm lub yim hli ntuj). Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tsum kho kom tsawg, kom tag nrho yuav loj tuaj nyob rau hauv 14-28 hnub tom qab tau khaws.
Khaws cia cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm ntau yam no yog ua los ntawm qhov tseeb tias lawv raug siv los ntawm tes (tsis puas ntsoog thaum poob). Tus sau yuav tsum tau muab cia rau ntawm qhov ntsuas kub ntawm 0 txog 4 ° C. Ntxuav los yog so yuav tsum tsis txhob yuav - qhov no yuav ua kom lub plhaub tiv thaiv ntawm tev. Txhua lub hnab yog muab qhwv rau hauv ntawv, muab tso rau hauv cov thawv ntawv los yog ntoo thawv nrog qhov cua zoo thiab nchuav nrog sawdust. Lub txee lub neej tsis tau poob ntawm kev saj thiab cov khoom siv txiaj ntsig yog 70 mus rau 90 hnub.
Koj puas paub? Kua ntoo ntawm Zhigulevskoe ntau yam yog tsis pub tshaj 20 xyoo.
