Av fertilization yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab, raws li, kom tau txais ib qhov loj thiab qoob loo zoo. Fertilizers - ib co ntawm cov khoom uas siv los txhim kho qhov mob thiab cov khoom ntawm xau. Lawv pub cov nroj tsuag nrog cov khoom tsim nyog chem.
Muaj cov nram qab no hom chiv:
- organic thiab pob zeb hauv av (los ntawm keeb kwm);
- khoom thiab kua (lub xeev ntawm aggregation);
- ncaj qha ua thiab tsis ncaj (hom kev ua);
- theem pib, ua ntej sowing, pub, subsurface, nto (hom kev taw qhia).
Av hom:
- xuab zeb;
- clayey;
- xuab zeb;
- loamy;
- podzolic;
- peat-swampy;
- dub lub ntiaj teb
Av nplaum av chiv
Av nplaum xau xau uas muaj 40-45% av nplaum hauv daim ntawv ntshiab. Lawv yog cov nplaum, ntub dej, khov, hnyav, txias, tab sis nplua nuj. Av nplaum lub ntiaj teb yog maj mam soaked dej thiab nws tau muab ceev, tsis zoo thiab maj mam kis dej mus rau hauv qis txheej.
Yog li ntawd, cov nroj tsuag loj hlob ntawm no hom ntawm av, suab tsis raug kev txom nyem los ntawm drought. Lub viscosity ntawm xws li xau nrog muaj zog noo noo ua rau nws nyuaj rau cultivate lub ntiaj teb, raws li nrog tag nrho ziab - lub ntiaj teb ua pob zeb, txawm li ntawd los, nws cracks heev, uas muaj txhawb rau sai penetration ntawm dej thiab huab cua mus rau hauv tawg.
Yog li ntawd, qhov xau pob ntau rau kev ua yog av nplaum. Txhim kho lawv, koj yuav tsum tau tos lub xeev thaum cov av tsis tuaj yeem siv, tab sis nws yuav tsis qhuav tawm. Los npaj av nplaum xau rau cog, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los ua kom muaj nuj nqi ntau txaus.
Thawj zaug ua yog los txhim kho thiab fertilize ib lub txaj av nplaum. Yuav kom tsis txhob muaj dej los ntawm qhov tsis taus, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau ua kom tiav cov lowlands thiab theem siab, uas yog, theem qhov saum npoo. Organic to top hnav khaub ncaws yog suav hais tias yog thawj kauj ruam mus rau cultivation ntawm av nplaum xau. Lawv tau ua nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg thaum sau qoob loo. Yog hais tias kev loj hlob ntawm lub teb chaws yog nyuam qhuav pib, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los deposit 1.5 thoob ntawm cov organic teeb meem ib square meter ntawm clayey lub ntiaj teb.
Koj puas paub? Chiv ntawm av nplaum xau tseem ua haujlwm rau yim xyoo, thaum lub teeb xau xav tau cov tshuaj tom qab plaub xyoos.Tsis tas li zoo-haum complex ntawm manure, poov tshuaj nitrate thiab sawdust. Rau 10 kg ntawm manure, ntxiv 100 g ntawm nitrate nyob rau hauv daim ntawv kua thiab 2 kg ntawm sawdust. Cov kev txhim kho tuaj yeem siv tau sawdust nrog cov tshuaj kua urea. Ua li no, noj peb lub thoob ntawm sawdust thiab 100 g ntawm urea diluted nyob rau hauv ib lub thoob dej.
Thaum siv hnav khaub ncaws saum av nplaum xau, ntsuab chiv los yog kev sib tw kom zoo. Rau qhov no, leguminous cov qoob loo cov qoob loo tau muab cog rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thiab thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg lig lawv ua tiav nrog rau hauv av thiaj li tsim cov dej num rau txoj kev lwj. Xws li cov kev ua ub no tsis tsuas yog lub ntiaj teb nrog cov khoom noj khoom haus, tab sis kuj txhim kho nws cov qauv.
Yuav ua li cas thiab dab tsi yuav pab tau cov av: lub loosening ntawm av nplaum xees contributes mus rau dej xuab zeb, uas yog siv nrog cov chiv organic. Siv peb lub thoob ntawm cov xuab zeb ib 1 square meter ntawm av. Ntxiv cov xuab zeb yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg thaum khawb.
Yuav kom enrich lub av nplaum av tau sown nrog clover, ces mow tom qab 10 hnub ntawm kev loj hlob, tawm rau rotting. Yog hais tias av nplaum av yog acidic, ces alkaline fertilizer yuav tsum tau mus thov. Cov kua qaub txiv yog siv rau qhov no.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Los txiav txim siab lub acidity ntawm cov av, saib nyob rau ntawm cov zaub. Npaj, horsetail, ntoo ntshauv, thiab buttercup loj hlob on qaub av. On subacid thiab nruab nrab - clover, hom qoob mog nyom, chamomile, teb bindweed.
Hloov av nplaum ua loamy av, koj yuav tau ua ib qho kev sib zog thiab ua kom hnav organic khoom txhua xyoo rau tsib xyoos. Thaum txoj kev loj hlob ntawm hauv av coj qhov chaw thiab nws yog ua tau kom me ntsis txhim kho nws lub Cheebtsam, ua hauj lwm yog ua tiav ntawm fertilizer rau nroj tsuag loj hlob.
Pob zeb hauv cov chiv yog cov inorganic cov khoom sib txuas. Peb yuav to taub, rau dab tsi pob zeb hauv av chiv raug siv rau cov av. Qhov no yog siv nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav ntxiv lub stocks ntawm muab kev pab cuam: nitrogen, phosphorus, poov tshuaj. 
Pob zeb hauv av chiv raug thov mus rau av nplaum nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, nyob rau hauv plowing. Lawv siv me me, vim cov av nplaum yog cov nplua nuj. Qhov kev xaiv ntawm pob zeb hauv av chiv nyob ntawm seb koj npaj yuav loj hlob nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no.
On av nplaum loj hlob apples, cherries, figs, quinces, raspberries, hawthorn. Thaum cog zaub on ib tug av bed, seedlings yog cog ntawm ib kaum, muab lub keeb kwm nyob rau hauv ib tug warmer av txheej; noob yuav tsum tau sown nyob rau hauv qhov dej ntiav ntiav.
Cov qos yaj ywm yuav tsum cog tsis ntxaum tshaj li 8 cm Lub ntiaj teb yuav tsum tau tas li loosened ib ncig ntawm lub nroj tsuag thaum lub caij los nag, thiab thaum lub sij hawm drought - tom qab watering.
Yuav kom txhim kho fertility thiab nce cov nyiaj ntawm cov zaub mov thiab cov ntsiab lus hauv cov av nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau fertilize nws. Koj tuaj yeem siv cov quav txawv: yaj, luav, nees, nqaij qaib.
Fertilizer Sandy av
Sandy av yog crumbly, non-khov lub ntiaj teb, nyob rau hauv uas mus txog rau 50 qhov chaw ntawm xuab zeb ntog on 1 feem ntawm av nplaum. Koj tuaj yeem tshawb xyuas seb cov av av zoo li cas hauv koj qhov chaw. Sim mus dov lub pob los yog flagellum. Yog hais tias nws hloov tawm mus rau lub pob, tab sis lub flagellum tsis, ces nws yog zeb av, thiab yog hais tias tsis yog lub npas los yog tus flagellum raug tsim, ces hom ntawm lub ntiaj teb no yog sandy. 
Qhov teeb meem ntawm cov av av yog qhov pluag tuav ntawm noo noo, Yog li ntawd, yam tsis muaj kev txhim kho nws, koj yuav tsis tsuas yog tsis ua tiav siab yield, tab sis kuj ib txwm cog kev loj hlob. Evaporating, ya raws noj tshuaj feem ntau ntawm cov as-ham. Sandy av txias sai thiab heats li sai sai, yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj no lub nroj tsuag yuav tuag los ntawm txias, thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov los ntawm Burns ntawm cov keeb kwm thiab vim tuag ntawm hauv paus system.
Los txhim kho cov av nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau nce lawv cov viscosity. Ua li no, siv cov organic hnav khaub ncaws. Siv cov quav nyab xeeb yuav pab txhim kho cov av xuab zeb. Ib tug square meter koj yuav tsum tau siv ob lub chais quav. Cov kev lag luam xws li yuav tsum tau ua hauv peb lub xyoos.
Ib qho pheej yig dua tab sis tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig los txhim kho cov av xuab zeb yog ua kom tiav nrog cov nplooj lwg lossis peat. Ib square meter yuav tsum tau siv ib lub thoob ntawm fertilizer. Tsis tas li ntawd, zoo li av nplaum xau, xuab zeb muaj kev zoo dua los ntawm sowing qhov chaw uas nrog cov khoom qab zib. Khawb yog qhov tsim nyog nrog rau cov nroj tsuag, lawv yuav pab ua kom muaj qhov siab tshaj. 
Koj yuav tsum tau siv ntau dua kev sib zog thiab kev rau siab los txhim kho cov av nrog av nplaum. Rau qhov no nws yog qhov zoo dua mus yuav hmoov av nplaum qhuav. Yog hais tias koj siv thiab nqa nyob rau hauv plaub thoob ntawm xws fertilizer rau cov av, ces nyob rau hauv ob lub caij koj yuav muaj peev xwm tig lub sandy av mus rau hauv Sandy loam.
Thaum twg lub teb chaws kho, txhua lub caij ntuj sov nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau nqa mulching, ua tsaug uas cov dej yuav tsis evaporate li sai sai. Organic chiv yog thov mus rau av hauv av nyob rau hauv Autumn, nyob rau hauv kev, cov no yog peat thiab manure. Nws yog qhov zoo dua ntxiv cov pob zeb hauv av thiab ib co cov organic chiv rau cov av xuab zeb hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav, yog tias koj thov nws thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg, ces feem ntau ntawm cov dej yog ntxuav.
Raws li ib tug fertilizer rau acidic Sandy xau, ntoo tshauv yog siv. Nws txhawb nqa deoxidation, thiab nyob rau hauv nruab nrab xau nws yog ib qhov chaw ntawm poov tshuaj thiab phosphorus. Ua rau tshauv nqi 200 g ib square meter, tsis yog mus rau bury, tab sis cia li mus scatter. Tsis txhob siv tshauv nrog nitrogen chiv - nws yuav poob nws cov khoom.
Lub sij hawm luv ntawm qhov qhia txog ntawm ntau hom ntawm chiv yuav tsum yog yam tsawg kawg yog ib lub hlis, thiab nws yog zoo dua los siv nitrogen chiv xwb ua ntej cog / cog.
Pob zeb hauv cov av ntawm cov av xuab zeb yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo siv, vim tias lawv tau mus rau ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tuaj yeem hlawv lawv. Nws yog qhov zoo dua rau fertilize ntau, tab sis nrog ib tug tsawg dua concentration.
Hom kev pub mis, tus naj npawb thiab zaus ntawm daim ntawv thov nyob ntawm seb cov nroj tsuag uas koj npaj yuav cog. On sandy grounds, legumes, honeysuckle, blackberries, currants, gooseberries, plums, cherries, apples, grapes, melons thiab gourds loj hlob zoo.
Sandy Av Fertilizer
Sandy sands yog xau nyob rau hauv uas muaj 3 seem ntawm av nplaum ib 7 ntawm cov xuab zeb. Lawv yog cov ua los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias lawv muaj ib lub qauv crumbly, moderately tuav noo noo. Tsis zoo li cov xuab zeb, xuab zeb xau zoo siab rau cov nroj tsuag loj hlob.
Sandy xau yog breathable, ncua pob zeb hauv av chiv, tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm leaching, thiab muaj peev xwm tuav dej. Peat thiab dung yog zoo haum rau sab saum toj hnav khaub ncaws, lawv nkag tau rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav los yog nyob rau hauv Autumn thaum lub sij hawm tillage. Pob zeb chiv, raws li yog cov ntaub ntawv nrog nrog xau zeb, yog ua nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, nyob rau hauv me me feem ntau, tab sis feem ntau. 
Sandy xau yog heev fertile thiab haum rau loj hlob feem ntau cov nroj tsuag. On ntawm Sandy yuav zus vaj teb cov qoob loo, feem ntau ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab Berry nroj tsuag, cov qoob loo.
Loam av av fertilizer
Loamy xau yog cov uas muaj feem ntau ntawm cov av nplaum thiab tsawg ntawm xuab zeb. Lawv raug suav hais tias yog ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm cov av nplaum thiab cov ntxhuav loam.
Loam cais rau hom:
- ntsws;
- nruab nrab;
- hnyav.
Loamy xau yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws haum rau cog vaj teb thiab vaj teb cov qoob loo. Lawv tau yooj yim ventilated, zoo cua sov thiab noo noo permeable, yooj yim tiav. Loams muaj nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov thiab cov ntsiab lus, muaj ib qho loj ntawm cov as-ham, tas li los ntawm cov kab mob uas nyob hauv cov av.
Txawm tias muaj lub ntsiab lus ntawm microelements, loamy, zoo li cov av qeeg loam xau yuav tsum to top hnav khaub ncaws. Manure thiab compost yog pom zoo rau daim ntawv thov, thiab lawv pom zoo kom siv loam rau kev ua tiav nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg.
Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov qhia txog ntawm ntxiv cov organic thiab pob zeb hauv av chiv, nws yog ib qhov advisable mus nqa tawm nyob ntawm seb npaj los yog cog.
On hnyav loam tau loj hlob Cherry plum. Lub teeb loamy xau yog haum rau loj hlob pears thiab apples. Tom qab sau qoob, xws li cov nroj tsuag rau loamy xau, xws li legumes, pobkws, cov kua txob qab zib, thiab cov hauv paus zaub, uas yog xav tau heev ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov av, muaj peev xwm tsim tau txhua zaus.
Fertilizer podzolic xau
Podzol yog cov av cwj pwm ntawm coniferous forests. Lawv tsim nyob rau hauv tus ntawm tsawg kub thiab high humidity.
Koj puas paub? Hom av no tau txais lub npe no los ntawm cov lus "hauv qab" thiab "tshauv", uas yog, zoo ib yam li tshauv.
Hom av no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau cov zaub tsis zoo, raws li nws muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tsis tshua muaj fertility. Xav seb yam twg yog cov fertilizer zoo dua rau acidic podzolic xau.
Thaum siv cov xau rau cog, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los txo cov acidity by liming. Ua li no, 0.5 kg ntawm txiv qaub pab rau 1 square meter ntawm av. Tus nqi ntawm cov txiv qaub yog siv 1 lub sij hawm 8 xyoo. Qhov kev taw qhia ntawm txiv qaub yuav tsum tau nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, thaum siv lwm hnav khaub ncaws tsis tsim nyog.
Yog tias cov organic los ntxhia tshuaj ntxiv ntxiv nrog cov txiv qaub, cov nyhuv ntawm cov tom kawg yuav tsawg, vim tias cov kua qaub thiaj li ua rau lwm cov chiv zoo. Yog li ntawd, txiv qaub yog siv nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, thiab cov tshuaj organic thiab pob zeb siv yog siv nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav.
Yuav siv li cas chiv rau acid xau:
- manure yuav tsum yog siv nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav rau tillage;
- Cov tshuaj ammonium (urea, ammofoska, ammonium chloride) kuj tau pib rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav;
- potash pab txhawb rau lub caij nplooj zeeg.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Cabbage, beets, alfalfa thiab hemp tsis zam ib qho chaw acidic.
Rhais rau acidity yog nroj tsuag: hom qoob mog, barley, pob kws, qus, dos, legumes, lettuce, sunflower.
Lub nruab nrab ntawm lub nruab nrab qaub qis muaj xws li: millet, rye, oats, carrots, txiv lws suav, radishes.
Flax thiab qos yaj ywm, thaum loj hlob on acidic heev, yuav tsum tau liming ntawm cov av.
Yog li, yuav luag tag nrho cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum txiv qaub nyob rau hauv cov av thiaj li kom nqus cov as-ham.
Tsis tas li rau av fertilization siv charcoal, peat thiab sawdust.
Peatland fertilizer
Cov qoob loo cog qoob loo yog hom av uas tsim los nrog lub zog thawm niaj thawm nrog cov sediments lossis av.
Peat-swampy xau ntawm cov organic muaj nplua nuj nyob rau hauv nitrogen, uas yog tsis tshua pom nyob rau hauv lub ntuj muaj daim ntawv rau cov nroj tsuag.
Tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm muaj ib qho shortage ntawm poov tshuaj thiab ib qho tseem ceeb shortage ntawm phosphorus. Xws li cov xau tsis zoo siab kub, peat maj mam heats li. Xav seb yog dab tsi chiv yuav tsum tau thov mus rau peatland thiab marshy av.
Peatland txhim kho yuav tsum tau nqa tawm ntawm ob qho kev qhia:
- cov creation ntawm tej yam kev mob rau ib txwm lub neej los ntawm kev thov manure, sawdust, compost;
- qhov qhia txog ntawm cov ntsiab lus uas ploj lawm, xws li potassium thiab phosphorus, los xyuas kom meej ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
Feem ntau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo cov ntoo tsis ua rau lub stagnation qhov stagnation, li ntawd lawv yuav tsum cog rau hauv av siab los yog hauv poured av. Lub kaw lus ntawm kua dej, uas tso cai rau cov qoob loo, zaub, thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tau pom zoo rau nws tus kheej zoo.
Fertilizer dub av
Chernozem yog hom av uas muaj xim tsaus thiab muaj ib qho loj ntawm humus. Qhov no ntawm lub ntiaj teb yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv phosphorus, nitrogen, hlau, sulfur. Chernozems yog dej zoo thiab nqus tau pa, muaj ntau npaum li cov calcium.
Lub chernozems lawv tus kheej yog nplua nuj thiab fertile. Yog hais tias tsim nyog, phosphate thiab potash chiv yog siv raws li ib tug Autumn fertilizer rau cov av. Xav tias qhov tseeb hais tias lub chernozem tsis muaj qhov zoo heev, thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg koj muab tso rau hauv compost, sand lossis peat: siv 1 feem ntawm hnav khaub ncaws rau 3 qhov chaw ntawm chernozem.
Txawm hais tias fertility, dub av loses nws lub sij hawm, yog tias koj tsis tu lawv thiab tsis fertilize lawv. Rau cov xau nrog ib txwm acidity yog haum: saltpeter, potash tshuaj. Rau acidic chernozems, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los ntxiv hydrated txiv qaub nyob ntawm tus nqi ntawm 200 g ib 1 square meter.
Chernozems yog haum rau feem coob ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Cov ntse, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, cov qoob loo cov qoob loo loj hlob zoo li xuas av.
Summing up, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb hais tias txhua hom av yuav tsum tau kho. Rau kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag, nce fertility thiab tawm los, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau thov fertilizer rau cov av.
