Zaub vaj

Lub secrets ntawm loj hlob thiab saib xyuas rau lws suav seedlings

Txiv lws suav yog ib qho ntawm cov zaub nrov tshaj plaws. Yog tsis muaj lawv, tej zaum, ua tsis tau on txhua lub vaj teb cuab ntxhiab. Cov zaub yog cov cua zoo heev, zoo heev rau lub caij ntuj no thiab muaj ntau yam khoom siv. Feem ntau, yuav cov noob qoob yuav qaug zog lossis tsis sib thooj rau ntau yam uas koj xav yuav. Tab sis lub seedlings ntawm txiv lws suav yuav zus thiab feem ntau. Tsab xov xwm piav qhia txog cov kev cai rau kev cog qoob loo ntawm cog qoob loo ntawm noob.

Yuav ua li cas npaj lws suav cov noob ua ntej cog

Txiv lws suav yog cog hauv av qhib qoob loo thiab loj hlob hauv tsev tuaj yeem ua tau los ntawm leej twg. Qhov no yuav tiv thaiv qee lub sij hawm thiab dag zog, tab sis koj yuav paub tseeb tias koj yuav tau txais nws kawg. Feem ntau cov neeg cog qoob cog qoob sau cov noob txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas lawv nyiam, qhuav lawv, thiab so lawv rau ob peb hnub ua ntej cog. Ntawd yog tus txheej txheem tag nrho.

Txawm li cas los, yog hais tias koj xav kom loj hlob zoo muaj zog seedlings uas yog resistant mus rau tus kab mob thiab muab ib tug nplua nuj sau, lub noob ua ntej sowing yuav tsum tau npaj. Cov txheej txheem no mus dhau ntau theem:

  • kom qhuav;
  • noob xaiv;
  • disinfection;
  • soaking;
  • germination;
  • hardening.
Noob yuav tsum tau xaiv los ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Lawv yuav tsum tau qhuav rau ob peb hnub nyob rau hauv ib chav tsev zoo thiab lub qhov cub (tsis txhob mus ncaj qha tshav ntuj). Los xaiv qhov zoo tshaj plaws cov ntaub ntawv rau cog, lub noob yuav tsum yog immersed rau ob peb feeb nyob rau hauv saline. Rau nws cov kev npaj, ib tug teaspoon ntawm lub rooj ntsev yog stirred nyob rau hauv ib lub khob ntawm dej thiab infused rau 10 feeb. Tom qab ntawd lub noob yog immersed nyob rau hauv dej: cov neeg uas tuaj yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm, vim lawv khoob los yog qhuav tawm thiab yuav tsis haum rau seedlings.

Nws tseem ceeb heev! Ntau dua thiab hnyav dua cov noob muaj cov khoom noj ntau dua. Los ntawm no cov khoom loj hlob muaj zog thiab fruitful seedlings ntawm txiv lws suav.

Tom qab sampling, lub noob yog ntim hauv cov hnab thiab khaws cia rau hauv ib qhov chaw tsaus thaum sov. Yog hais tias lub noob raug khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub txias, ib lub hlis ua ntej cog nws yog pom zoo kom sov lawv rau ob peb hnub nyob rau hauv lub roj teeb nyob rau hauv ntaub fabric.

Feem ntau ntawm cov kab mob ntawm txiv lws suav noj paus rau ntawm cov noob thiab muaj peev xwm nyob ua ib ke rau ib lub sij hawm ntev, tsis hais txog cov huab cua. Yog li ntawd ua ntej cog, nws yog pom zoo kom decontaminate cov khoom. Rau qhov no, lub noob yog immersed rau 15 feeb. hauv 1% kev daws ntawm cov paug tshuaj permanganate lossis rau 7 feeb. nyob rau hauv 3% tov ntawm hydrogen peroxide, preheated rau 40 degrees.

Koj puas paub? Yuav kom nce lub tawm los ntawm seedlings, nws yog pom zoo kom soak lub noob ua ntej sowing rau ib hnub nyob rau hauv ib tug daws. Qhov no tej zaum yuav yog ib qho kev daws ntawm Immunocetofit los yog kua txiv hmab txiv ntawm grated tshiab qos yaj ywm.

Yuav kom mos lub suab ntawm cov noob thiab pab lawv cov kab mob, cog cov khoom ua ntej sowing yuav tsum tau soaked nyob rau hauv dej nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub rau 10 teev. Noob zoo nyob rau hauv ib daim ntaub thiab hneev rau hauv lub khob. Tus nqi ntawm cov dej yuav tsum yog 30% tsawg tshaj qhov ntim ntawm cov noob. Tom qab tsib teev, cov dej yuav tsum hloov.

Yuav kom ceev cov txheej txheem ntawm sprouting sprouts, nws yog pom zoo kom germinate lub noob rau tsib hnub nyob rau hauv ib tug ntub saucer nrog gauze nyob rau ntawm ib tug kub ntawm 20-22 degrees.

Nws tseem ceeb heev! Thaum lub sij hawm germination, nco ntsoov tias gauze tsis qhuav tawm thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm twb tsis dhau ntub.

Nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim rau lub seedlings yuav resistant mus rau kub extremes thiab txias snaps, nws yog pom zoo kom harden lub noob. Tsis tas li ntawd, xws li seedlings bloom ntxov thiab yuav coj ntau ntau tawm los. Rau qhov kawg no, seeded noob raug muab tso rau hauv ib lub tub yees rau yav hmo ntuj (qhov kub yuav tsum yog los ntawm 0 mus rau +2 degrees), thiab thaum lub sij hawm hnub lawv raug khaws cia nyob rau ntawm ib tug kub ntawm 20-22 degrees. Manipulations yog nqa tawm ob peb zaug.

Xaiv thiab npaj ntawm av

Lws suav seedling yog tsis heev xav tau rau hauv av. Cov av rau seedlings ntawm txiv lws suav nyob rau hauv tsev yuav ob leeg yuav thiab npaj nws tus kheej. Thaum muas, qhov preference yuav tsum tau muab rau peat av.

Los npaj cov av koj tus kheej, koj yuav tsum tau noj ib loamy av thiab ntxiv ib me ntsis humus, compost. Seedlings yuav loj hlob zoo nyob rau hauv xoob av. Ua li no, koj tuaj yeem ntxiv peat los yog sawdust mus rau sib tov.

Rau cog noob kuj siv coke substrate. Nws muaj ntau as-ham, tiv thaiv rotting sprouts, txhawb nqa kev loj hlob ntawm lub hauv paus muaj zog.

Koj puas paub? Peat ntsiav tshuaj zoo haum rau loj hlob muaj zog seedlings, thiab 4-5 noob yuav sown nyob rau hauv lawv. Thaum cog hauv xws li ib tug av nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, dhia seedlings tsis tsim nyog.

Muaj peev xwm rau loj hlob seedlings

Qhov xaiv ntawm muaj peev xwm rau loj hlob seedlings yog ntawm tseem ceeb tseem ceeb. Noob yuav sown nyob rau hauv cov hom lauj kaub tais diav:

  • thawv rau cov ntoo;
  • lub tais, lub tais;
  • pots rau seedlings;
  • peat tablets lossis poom;
  • cov khob haus dej.
Tsis tas li ntawd, txhua qhov kev xaiv muaj nws cov khoom zoo thiab kev phem. Cov thawv, cov tais thiab cov kaspes tseem yoojyim thiab yoojyim. Lawv muaj peev xwm loj hlob ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm seedlings, thaum saib xyuas rau tag nrho cov qoob loo. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv twg, xws li ib lub peev xwm tau yooj yim pauv mus rau lwm qhov chaw. Lawv tsis siv ntau qhov chaw thiab yuav raug nqi tsawg dua ntawm cov nqi. Txawm li cas los, ntiav ntiav yog tsim rau loj hlob seedlings tsuas yog mus txog lub sij hawm ntawm picking. Nyob rau hauv tob thawv ntawv thiab tais, cov qoob loo laus tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm keeb kwm, ces nws yuav nyuaj heev cais lawv tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev puas tsuaj, lub seedlings yuav siv sij hawm ntev los txiav txim siab, thiab tej zaum lub abyss. Los ntawm cov kev xaiv no nws yog qhov zoo tshaj rau xaiv cov tais nrog partitions los yog cov ntawv cassettes.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws yog cov tais los yog cov cassettes nrog mesh loj ntawm 5-6 cm thiab ib sab qhov siab ntawm 10 cm Thaum twg yuav kev, nco ntsoov xyuas seb lub khob ntim khoom yog ua li cas. Nws yog zoo dua mus yuav ib lub tais (cassette) ntawm polystyrene. Tsis txhob yuav cov thawv los ntawm polyvinyl chloride, nws muaj cov tshuaj lom nyob hauv nws cov lus.

Huam rau seedlings thiab cov khob dej uas siv rau - qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev xaiv los ntawm pheej yig. Nyob rau hauv lawv, seedlings tau zus kom txog thaum hloov mus rau hauv av qhib. Txawm li cas los xij, cov thawv ntim rau ntau qhov chaw thiab tsis yoojyim yog tias cov ntoo yuav tsum tau xa mus rau lwm qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv lub qab ntawm lub tso tsheb hlau luam rau cog noob yuav tsum yog kua qhov.

Peat ntsiav tshuaj - tagnrho. Lawv pab rau kev loj hlob ntawm ib qho muaj zog paus system nyob rau hauv sprouts, tiv thaiv seedling rot. Txawm li cas los, qhov kev lom zem no tsis pheej yig.

Suav lws suav cov noob rau seedlings

Suav lws suav cov noob nyob rau hauv seedlings yuav tsum tau nqa tawm Lub peb hlis ntuj 15-20. Thawj tua yuav tshwm nyob rau hauv ib lub lim tiam. Lwm ob lub hlis yuav dhau los ua ntej lub paj ntawm cov txiv lws zoov thaum ntxov, thiab lwm lub lim tiam yuav tsum rov qab cog dua tom qab dhaus dej. Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov Lub rau hli ntuj, seedlings yuav npaj txhij rau cog nyob rau hauv qhib rau hauv av. Ua ntej cog cov av yuav tsum me ntsis ntub. Noob yog dug rau hauv av tsis muaj ntau tshaj 1 cm thiab ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 5 cm los ntawm txhua lwm yam. Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum npog lub khob nrog ib zaj duab xis lossis khob. Tom qab sowing lub nkoj yuav tsum muab tso rau hauv ib qho chaw sov nrog kub ntawm txog 25 degrees. Nyob rau hauv cov kev mob no, seedlings yuav tshwm sim hauv ib lub lim tiam.

Kev saib xyuas thiab cultivation ntawm lws suav seedlings

Tom qab lub seedlings tshwm, lub seedlings yuav tsum tau tsiv mus rau ib tug lighted thiab txias chav tsev. Qhov ntsuas kub yuav tsum yog los ntawm +14 mus + 16 degrees. Chav tsev yog qhov kaj. Yog tias tsis muaj dab tsi, koj tuaj yeem npaj qhov kev yoojyim ntawm qoob loo nrog kev pabcuam ntawm cov roj.

Tom qab ib lub lim tiam, qhov kub yuav tsum me ntsis ntxiv rau +20 degrees, thiab thaum tsaus ntuj kom txo tau los ntawm ob peb degrees. Ua li no, koj tuaj yeem qhib lub qhov rais, tab sis tsis txhob cia cov ntawv tsim.

Koj puas paub? Nyob rau hauv thawj ob peb hnub tom qab germination, nws yog pom zoo kom teem caij rau seedlings ib ncig ntawm lub moos illumination. Qhov no yuav zoo heev le nws cov kab txiav.

Watering seedlings ntawm txiv lws suav rau loj hlob nyob rau hauv tsev yuav tsum muaj sim thiab nqa tawm nrog dej nyob rau ntawm chav tsev kub. Txog rau thawj daim ntawv zoo, maj mam tshuaj tsuag cov av nrog dej thaum nws tiav niam txiv qhuav. Tom qab qhov tsos ntawm nplooj, watering yog nqa tawm ib zaug ib lub lim tiam, thiab tom qab tsim ntawm tsib zoo nplooj, lub seedlings yog watered txhua txhua 3-4 hnub.

Dhia dej lws suav seedlings

Ib dhia dej yog transplanting seedlings rau hauv nyias ntim. Qhov no txhawb rau tsim ntawm hauv paus system. Muaj ib qho kev loj hlob ntawm lateral keeb kwm, kho cov khoom noj nroj tsuag. Lub seedling ua zog thiab yuav yooj yim noj paus nyob rau hauv qhib tua, yuav muab ib tug zoo sau. Nqa ntawm seedlings ntawm txiv lws suav yog nqa tawm on thib kaum hnub tom qab thawj zaug tua tshwm. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv txhua qhov teeb meem nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau ua raws li tus kheej. Txoj cai dav dav yog hais tias lub seedlings dhia ntawm ob hnub tom qab qhov tsos ntawm thawj tseeb nplooj ntawv.

Nws tseem ceeb heev! Thaum dhia seev cev, tsuas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab kev noj qab haus huv tua raug xaiv, thiab tas yuav tsum muab pov tseg. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv paus ntawm txhua sprout yuav tsum yog ib tug me me earthen pob.

Ib ob peb hnub ua ntej xaiv, lub seedlings yuav tsum tau tau watered me ntsis thiaj li hais tias tua tau muab tshem tawm ntau yooj yim. Koj yuav tsum tau tshem tawm cov seedlings los ntawm hauv av heev kom zoo zoo kom tsis txhob puas lub tseem zog qaug zog. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ntxias lawv nrog ib tug pas los yog pas dig hniav. Hloov kev xav tau hauv kev muaj peev xwm tob zog. Ua li no, koj tuaj yeem siv hws, siv ib nrab lit-dej khob lossis yas hwj nrog lub caj dab.

Tom qab xaiv, sprouts plentifully watered thiab pauv mus rau ib qhov chaw txias nrog noo noo cua. On lub seedlings yuav tsum tsis txhob poob ncaj sab ntawm lub hnub. Tom qab ib lub lim tiam, lub seedlings raug xa rov mus rau lawv qub qub chaw.

Hardening lws suav seedlings

Hardening ntawm seedlings yog pom zoo kom thiaj li hais tias thaum cog hauv av qhib nws tsis khov, nws yog resistant rau kub hloov uas feem ntau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov. Cia peb xav txog nyob rau hauv ntau dua kom meej li cas rau npau lws suav seedlings. Thaum nws tau sov tawm sab nraud thiab qhov ntsuas kub ncav 15 degrees, lub ntim nrog cov yub no coj tawm mus rau ntawm txoj kev los yog lub sam thiaj. Ua ntej no, cov nroj tsuag muaj watered. Thaum lub sij hawm hardening, koj yuav tsum tau saib xyuas qhov ntsuas kub. Thaum qhov kub poob hauv qab 8 ° C, ntim yuav tsum coj mus rau chav tsev sov. Nws yog zoo dua tawm tawm seedlings tom qab plaub los yog tsib o'clock nyob rau hauv thaum yav tsaus ntuj, thaum lub hnub yog ib tug me me qis. Lwm yam, nws yuav Fry. Koj tseem yuav tau saib xyuas cov av, nws yuav tsum tsis txhob qhuav tawm. Yog hais tias cov av yog qhuav, nws yuav tsum tau tau watered ib tug me ntsis. Tsis txhob cia cov ntim qis hauv cov tshav ntuj ncaj qha. Lub sijhawm hardening yog ob lub lim tiam.

Kev tiv thaiv thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm lws suav seedlings los ntawm pests thiab kab mob

Loj hlob lws suav seedlings yog feem ntau overshadowed los ntawm fungal kab mob thiab pests. Yuav kom tsis txhob muaj teeb meem xws li qhov teeb meem, nws yog pom zoo tias lws suav seedlings yuav kho nrog fungicides, insecticides, los yog pej xeem tshuaj.

Qhov feem ntau cov kab mob ntawm txiv lws suav yog:

  • lig blight;
  • macrosporosis;
  • spotting;
  • xim av rot;
  • septoriosis;
  • kis kab mob.
Yuav luag tag nrho cov kab mob no muaj fungal xwm. Txhawm rau lawv yog qhov nyuaj heev. Yog li ntawd, nws yog qhov zoo dua rau nqa tawm kev tiv thaiv kev ntsuas. Cov no suav nrog cov hauv qab no:

  • periodically loosen hauv av;
  • Tsis txhob ntog tuab;
  • tsis txhob cia dej nyab;
  • rhuav tawm qhov qis dua qub nplooj;
  • ua ntej cog rau hauv av qhib, ua rau lub seedlings nrog ib tug 0.5% Bordeaux kua;
  • txheej txheem cov nroj tsuag thiab cov av uas muaj hmoov av ntoo (cov handfuls ntawm tshauv yuav tsum tau tawg khiav ri mus rau hauv cov kev coj ntawm cov cua);
  • nyob rau hauv thawj pub ntawm seedlings yog pom zoo kom ntxiv ib tug me me tooj liab sulfate (2 g ib 10 liv dej kub).

Koj puas paub? Yuav kom txo tau txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm fungal thiab kis kab mob, nws tsis pom zoo rau cog txiv lws suav nyob ze qos yaj ywm, kua txob, eggplants, los yog nyob rau hauv qhov chaw uas muaj xws li cov qoob loo loj hlob xyoo tas los.

Cov kab phem uas muaj xws li:

  • Colorado qos yaj ywm beetle;
  • thrips;
  • aphid;
  • cicadas;
  • whiteflies;
  • pincers;
  • Medvedka.
Yuav kom tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau nroj tsuag los ntawm pests, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los caiv los ntawm ntau daim ntawv thov ntawm nitrogen chiv. Nws tseem yog tseem ceeb los kho cov av thiab nroj tsuag nrog ashes, tshem tawm cov qis yellowed nplooj. Nyob rau ntawm thawj cov cim qhia ntawm ib tug seedling kev puas tsuaj los ntawm pests, nws yuav tsum tau kho nrog insecticides.

Tam sim no koj paub yuav ua li cas loj hlob lws suav seedlings los ntawm cov noob, lub ntsiab secrets nrog uas koj muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv los ntawm cov nroj tsuag advers climatic mob, kab mob thiab pests. Kev ua raws li cov cai tau hais tseg tseem lav tau cov qoob loo ntawm cov txiv lws suav.