Kua ntau yam Kev zoo nkauj ntawm Sverdlovsk paub thiab pib xyaum ua gardeners, thiab cov neeg txawj ntse uas tau mob siab rau kev cog ntoo ntawm cov ntoo txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau lub neej.
Kua ntoo yog heev unpretentious, muab ntau yields thiab high-quality txiv hmab txiv ntoo, peev xwm ntawm lub sij hawm ntev cia. Nqe lus piav txog ntau yam thiab cov duab ntxiv hauv tsab xov xwm.
Zoo li cas?
Kua ntau yam Krasa Sverdlovsk yog hais txog mus rau lub caij ntuj no ntau yam ripening lub sij hawm.
Cov txiv ntoo muaj lub sij hawm ntev cia tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj, lawv nyob twj ywm. txij lub Kaum Hlis Ntuj (uas yog, lub sijhawm sau) pib rau lub Tsib Hlis.
Muaj ib qho zoo kev thauj mus los thiab txaus nyiam tsos.
Nws yog pom zoo kom khaws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv cov chaw tiv thaiv los ntawm lub teeb ci (cellars, cellars) qhov twg ntse sib txawv ntawm cov kub tsis tau pom.
Qhov nruab nrab kub yuav tsum 0-7 degrees Celsius.
Yog tias koj cia cov txiv apples nyob rau hauv qhov chaw kub qhov twg yuav poob qis tshaj xoom, nws pom zoo kom sov lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Xyuas tawm lwm lub caij ntuj tshiab kua txiv: Lada, Cliff, Rennet Simirenko, Snowdrop, Khoom plig ntawm suav, Persianka, Northern Sinap, Rozhdestvenskoe, Spartan, Starkrimson, Fuji.
Pollination
Qhov ntau yam yog tus kheej-tsim, rau ib tug bountiful sau pollinator yog yuav tsum tau. Yuav luag txhua hom kua ntau hom nyob hauv cheeb tsam Ural yog tsim tau ua ib tsob ntoo pollinator.
Nqe lus piav ntawm ntau yam Krasa Sverdlovsk
Lub tsob ntoo yog nruab nrab txheej, nrog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshaj qhov nruab nrab loj. Xav txog ntau.
Kua ntoo muaj kev loj hlob me ntsis saum toj nruab nrabcov yas khov yog ntau dua, sim puag ncig.
Lub ntsiab ceg yog qhia los ntawm pob tw ntawm qhov kaum ntawm 90%, pleev xim rau xim av, me ntsis bent.
Fruiting yog nqa tawm on kolchatka, thiab tseem on txiv hmab txiv ntoo twigs.
Cov nplooj yog tsaus ntsuab, nrog lub pob zeb tawg thiab lub tiaj, lub hauv paus yog lub plawv-puab.
Thaum lub sij hawm flowering, muab loj buds uas dawb nrog ib tug liab tsos.
Zoo li ntoo, lawv nyuab siab tshaj qhov ntau thiab tsawg, qee zaum lawv mus txog loj loj (txog 240 g). Heev zoo ib yam rau txhua tus, qhov zoo tshaj plaws puag ncig duab.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo feem ntau sib txig me ntsis nrig duab rau saum toj. Daim tawv nqaij yog qhuav thiab du, ribbing tsis tshua pom.
Thaum lub sij hawm lub caij nyoog ntawm ripening lawv muaj ib tug greenish-daj tsos nqaij daim tawv; tom qab ntev cia, xim xim yuav creamy nrog liab thiab liab blush.
Pulp kuj creamy, muaj zog thiab ntom, tus qauv muaj ib nrab lub qoob loo, muaj kev sib tov sib xyaw qab zib nrog qee qhov kev ua siab dawb thiab lub txiaj ntsig aroma.
Nws kuj yog tsim nyog sau cia tias qhov nce cov ntsiab lus ntawm vitamin C.
Diam duab
Kev yug me nyuam yav dhau los
Kua Krasa Sverdlovsk twb tau tshaj ntau tshaj ib lub hlis twg ntawm ib puas xyoo dhau los ua tsaug rau interbreeding los ntawm sowing ntawm ntau yam uas nws nquag teeb loj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Tsim muaj ntau yam ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm Sverdlovsk Qhov Chaw Nres Saib Chaw Ua Yeeb, namely: L.A. Kotov, L. G. Vegerova, P.A. Dibrova.
Zoned rau Sab Qaum Teb thiab Nrab Nrab.
Kev loj hlob thaj av ntuj
Tshaj nquag pauv kua ntau hom Cov kev zoo nkauj ntawm Sverdlovsk nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb Urals, lub Upper Volga thiab lub Nruab Nrab Urals.
Nws yog kev cog lus rau kev tsaws thiab kev faib tawm central regions.
Tsis tas li ntawd, raws li forecasts ntawm kev paub gardeners, nyob rau hauv stlant kab lis kev cai yuav remarkably noj paus Altai cheeb tsam thiab nyob rau sab hnub poob Siberia.
Kawm txog ntau yam tsim nyog rau cog cov cheeb tsam: Pepin Saffron, Khoom plig rau gardeners, Silver hoof, Sokolovskoye, Uralets, Phoenix ntawm Altai, tus ntxhais Pepinchik, Lyubava.
Tawm
Kua ntau yam Krasa Sverdlovsk nkag fruiting 6-7 xyoos tom qab kev poob siab. Nws tsis tas yuav tau so ntawm lub sij hawm tsim, yog li ntawd fruiting yog li niaj zaus.
Sau nyob rau hauv adulthood los ntawm ib tsob ntoo ncav cuag 70-100 kg. Nyob rau hauv chaw zov me nyuam los ntawm ib hectare ntawm av cog nrog no ntau yam, sau 100-200 centner ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Qhov ntau yam yog moderately resistant mus rau loj heev frosts.
Kev cog thiab kev kho mob
Kev zoo nkauj ntawm Sverdlovsk yog tus qauv nyob rau hauv cog thiab kev saib xyuas. Tseem ceeb yog thawj xyoo ntawm lub neej, kev txiav ntxiv, chiv thiab dej.
Caw kua ntau yam Krasa Sverdlovsk yog pom zoo nyob rau hauv ob kab ntawm ib tug deb 6 meters ntawm txhua lwm yam.
Qhov siab tshaj plaws lub sij hawm rau cog Kua ntoo: Autumn (tab sis tsis pub dhau ob lub lis piam ua ntej qhov pib ntawm Frost) thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav (Lub Plaub Hlis Ntuj-thaum Lub Rau Hli Ntuj).
Kev cog qoob loo yuav tsum ua kom tiav rau ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub pob nyem kom tiv thaiv tau tsob ntoo los ntawm muaj zog cua.
Xaiv ib qho chaw nrog rau feem ntau fertile av.
Thaum koj pib khawb av aub tsiv, cais lub hau ntawm lub ntiaj teb thiab hauv qab.
Sab saum toj, raws li feem ntau fertile, txheej yuav poob pw tsaug zog nyob rau hauv qis ib feem ntawm aub tsiv los pab txhawb lub seedling.
Tswv yim: Nws yog ib lub tswv yim npaj los npaj qhov tsaws qhov tsaws ib lub hlis ua ntej yuav poob siab.
Ua ntej cog lub seedling, kom zoo zoo saib hauv paus system, ua tib zoo tshem tawm cov diseased thiab tawg keeb kwm, thiab npog qhov txiav nrog vaj broth.
Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom cog ib sapling uas tau ua si nrog thawj foliage los yog nyob rau hauv uas lub buds twb swelled - nws yuav tsis siv paus.
Qhov tsua rau cog yuav tsum ntawm 50 txog 60 centimeters tob.
Topsoil yog tov nrog fertilizer, Nws yog pom zoo kom muab 1 thoob ntawm humus, 800 g ntawm tshauv thiab 1 kg ntawm pob zeb hauv av fertilizer rau hauv aub tsiv.
Lub resulting sib tov yog poured mus rau nram qab kawg ntawm lub cog qhov, sib sau ib mound.
Tom qab uas ib txheej 5-6 cm poob pw tsaug zog tsis fertilizer.
Nws tseem ceeb heev: muaj yuav tsum yog ib tug deb nruab nrab ntawm lub keeb kwm thiab lub fertilizer, txij li thaum mus kov nrog fertilizer sib tov yuav ua rau ib tug paus hlawv nyob rau hauv lub seedling.
Hauv paus system ntawm seedling yuav tsum tau ncaj qha ncaj. Ib tsob ntoo muab tso rau ntawm qhov hillock, peg yog slaughtered ze ntawm uas muaj tsob ntoo kua ntoo tied li. Tom qab ntawd, cov av yog tauv li tsis fertilizer.
Tswv yim: npog cov av maj mam, maj mam tuav lub seedling thiaj li hais tias hauv av yog evenly faib nyob rau hauv lub hollow qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lub keeb kwm.
Koj tsis tuaj yeem ntog qaug cawv caj dab ntawm ib tug yub, tsis hais rotting yuav pib. Tom qab tsaws sau lub qhov nplooj nrog 2-3 lub thoob dej.
Qoob loo. Lub ntsiab txheej txheem ntawm tu ib tug Kua ntoo yog pruning. Yog tias koj tsob ntoo hluas, cov yas yuav tsim kom muaj txhua xyoo.
Thawj pruning kis ua ntej lub buds swell nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav, nyob rau hauv ob xyoo ntawm lub neej ntawm seedling.
Vertical tua yog pruned, limiting qhov kev loj hlob ntawm tsob ntoo nyob rau hauv qhov siab thiab tsis txhob saib cov tsos ntawm sab tua.
Txhua lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los txiav lub tua los ntawm 1/3, uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub dhau los xyoo, nws muaj txhawb rau cov tsos ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ceg thiab accelerates kev loj hlob.
Pruning ovaries thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau kev tsob ntoo.
Nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los tshem tawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nruab nrab ntawm txhua inflorescence thiab txiav cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo nrog pom flaws thiab kho cov duab. Kev ywg dej ua ntej lub xyoo cov ntoo nyob yog nqa mus txog 4 zaus hauv ib lub sijhawm kub nyob hauv 3-4 thoob ntawm ib sapling.
Tom qab koj tau watered, fertilize cov av nrog xoob av los yog humus. Kua ntoo yuav tsum tau ywg dej rau kwv yees li ib lub hlis ua ntej kawg ntawm flowering thiab dua ib lub hlis ua ntej sau.
Kua ntoo yuav tsum tau kis ntawm chiv quav thiab ntau hom ntawm nplooj lwg txhua xyoo. Nws yog tsim nyog yuav tau hloov cov chiv nrog cov ntxhuav pob tawb.
Kab mob thiab kab tsuag
Koog ntoo Zoo nkauj ntawm Sverdlovsk yog prone rau peb loj kab mob ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo txiv hmab txiv ntoo: scab, powdery mildew, thiab kua mob cancer. Xav txog kev kho cov kua apple rau cov kab mob no.
Scab
Scab yog ib hom kab mob hu ua fungal uas tsim muaj ntau dhau ntawm cov dej noo, winters rau ntawm nplooj ntoo uas tsis tuaj yeem tawm hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg. Manifested los ntawm ntsuab-xim av me ntsis rau sab hauv ntawm daim ntawv, ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo - ob peb xim av heels. Nrog scab, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog unusable.
Kev Kho Mob: Tsob ntoo yuav tsum tau kho nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg nrog 5% kua txiv kab ntxwv. Ntawm ib tsob ntoo yuav tsum tau txog 5 liters. Cov hlab ntsha thaum ntxov yog kho nrog tooj liab oxychloride ua ntej tom qab cog paj thiab tom qab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Thiab kuj muaj kev kho mob Bordeaux kua thiab tooj liab sulphate.
Mealy dew
Nws cuam tshuam tag nrho cov seem ntawm tsob ntoo, nws tshwm li ib tug dawb Bloom, zoo li plua plav. Thaum swb yoojyim qhuav thiab poob. Tsis muaj kev kho mob, cov xim dub pib tshwm.
Kev Kho Mob: Tshuaj tsuag ib tsob ntoo ntawm gray colloid (80 g ib 10 liv dej) nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav.
Kua crab
Ib qho ntawm cov kab mob loj tshaj plaws uas tshwm sim vim muaj tshwm sim dhau ntawm kev tswj ntawm tus tswv ntawm tsob ntoo: ntau tshaj li qhov kub ntub yog mus ua txhaum. Mob kheesxaws nws tus kheej yog nyob rau hauv cov leeg lossis hauv kev loj hlob ntawm cov xim dub thiab xim av. Nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam cuam tshuam, lub bark exfoliates thiab disappears.
Kev Kho Mob: Nrog tu xyuas ntawm tsob ntoo, nws yog ib qho yooj yim kom tsis txhob loj txim. Ua ntej koj yuav tsum tau tshem tag nrho cov ceg uas raug ntaus los ntawm tus kab mob, lub bark cuam tshuam los kuj trimmed. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tau txeeb qhov kev noj qab haus huv feem ntawm ib centimeter los ntawm 2-3. Ntoo yog kho nrog antiseptic, wounds - vaj decoction.
Yog hais tias koj txiav txim siab cog rau hauv koj lub vaj teb ib qho kua ntoo ntawm Krasa Sverdlovsk ntau yam, koj yuav ua tau siab - nws yuav tsis coj koj teeb meem.
Nyob rau hauv kev phem ntawm qhov tseeb tias lub kua ntoo xav tau ib tsob ntoo-pollinator kom set txiv hmab txiv ntoo, nws yog yooj yim pollinated los ntawm feem ntau ntau yam.
Kev zoo nkauj ntawm Sverdlovsk yog txaus resistant rau scab, tab sis tsis yog ib txwm frost resistant, yog li ntoo yuav tsum tau warmed txhua xyoo. Tab sis qhov nyiaj ntawm tus sau yuav pov thawj tag nrho koj dag zog.
Saib tus yees duab seb yuav ua li cas thiab yuav ua li cas fertilize txiv hmab txiv ntoo?
