Ua tsaug rau nws cov khoom noj khoom haus, Cherry tau txais qhov zoo ntawm cov neeg nyiam ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tshiab thiab ntau yam tais diav raws li nws.
Cov chaw no yog multiplied los ntawm cov kws kho mob tshwj xeeb los ntawm yug me nyuam tshiab ntau yam nrog kev tshawb nrhiav tshiab thawj qhov yeeb yam ntawm no kab lis kev cai. Tab sis tsis muaj leej twg yuav tsis nco cov qub qub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog vim lawv tseem faithfully pab tus neeg.
Yog li ntawd, "laus", tab sis tseem khov kho cultivated nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb teb, yog lub Cherry Griot Moskovsky, qhov kev piav qhia ntawm ntau yam thiab cov duab ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav tsum pom hauv qab no.
Yug me nyuam keeb kwm thiab yug me nyuam thaj av
Nyob rau xyoo 1950, hauv Soviet Union, uas raug yuam kom daws cov teeb meem ntawm cov zaub mov tom qab lub sijhawm dhau los, cov kws tshawb fawb tau teeb tsa ntau hom qoob loo uas yuav muaj peev xwm tsim cov lus zoo nyob rau hauv ib qho kev nyuab siab.
Ib qho ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb tau koom tes ua hauj lwm no yog tus kws kho mob ntawm kev tshawb fawb txog biological. Khasan Enikeev (1910-1984).
Ib tug ntxaug follower thiab ardent propagandist ntawm kev qhia ntawm Michurin, nws muab ua, raws li lawv hais, nyob rau hauv nws keeb, txij li ob peb xyoos ua ntej nws tau tshwj xeeb nyob rau hauv yug me nyuam lub caij ntuj no-Hardy ntau yam ntawm plum thiab Cherry.
Tus sau ntawm kaum ob ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsiaj tau yeej ib txwm teem raws li nws lub hom phiaj kev tsim cov qoob loo xws li cov qoob loo, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas yuav muaj zoo tshaj plaws saj zoo.
Nyob rau xyoo 1959 nyob rau Zagorje ze Moscow, ntawm txoj kev sim ntawm lub Koomhaum Tagnrho Koomhaum thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm Horticulture thiab Nursery, xibfwb Enikeev coj tau ntau yam tshiab rau lub sijhawm ntawd - Moscow Griot.
Bush cherries nrog siab yields tau txais los ntawm cloning ib Western European ntau yam Griot Otsgeymsky.
Raws li nws lub ntsiab tsis, Moscow ceg ntawm Griotov tau npaj rau regionalization nyob deb ntawm thaj tsam sab qab zog Moscow.
Tab sis nws cov cultivation sai sai kis mus rau yav qab teb thaj tsam ntawm Russia. Tsis-Thoob Ntiaj Teb Thoob Ntiaj Teb thiab Nruab Nrab Dub Thoob Ntiaj Teb hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation. Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no, Cherry ntau yam xws li Vianok, Generous thiab Lebedyanskaya loj hlob zoo.
Nyob rau hauv tib 1959 Griot Moskovsky tau nkag mus rau hauv lub Xeev Sau. Los ntawm nruab nrab xyoo 1960, ntau yam raug xa mus rau lub xeev ntau yam kev sim siab.
Tsos ntawm Cherry Griot Moskovsky
Cov nram qab no yam ntxwv ntawm cov tsiaj muaj hom kab mob hauv cov cherry no:
Tsob Ntoo
Belongs rau nruab nrab qeb txiv hmab txiv ntoo qoob loo. Nce nyob nruab nrab hauv cov neeg laus mus rau ib qhov siab ntawm 2.5 - 3 m. Lubskaya, Novella thiab Minx yog qhov txawv ntawm lawv cov ntsiab lus nruab nrab.
Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, ib tug qauv dav densely-leafing crown yog tsim, uas, raws li ib txoj cai, outwardly muaj ib tug zoo li pob zoo li.
Tua. Tsim nyog nyias. Muaj pronounced wiltedness.
Nplooj. Lawv yog cov xeeb ntxwv los ntawm qhov nruab nrab loj. Txawv lub qe-zoo li txawv. Tus npoo dvuyakotupopilchatye. Xim - ci ntsuab, matte zoo nkauj.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo
Txawv nruab nrab thiab ntau tshaj qhov nruab nrab.
Qhov nruab nrab Cherry ntawm no ntau yam nyhav los ntawm 3 mus rau 3.5 grams, nyob rau hauv tsawg zaus, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tej zaum yuav muaj ib tug loj ntawm 5 grams.
Nws muaj yuav luag qhov tseeb sib npaug.
Cov xim ntawm cov tawv nqaij hauv cov tawv nqaij nyias txawv nyias ntawm maub liab kom dub, thaum tib lub sijhawm tsis tshua pom tau tias cov khoom me me tshwm rau feem ntau. Rossoshanskaya Nco ntawm Vavilov kuj muaj txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo sib xws.
Nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij yog lub pulp ntawm maub liab xim, nplua nuj nyob rau hauv kua txiv. Qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov pob txha tsis yog yooj yim heev ntawm cov kua txob.
Ntxiv nyob rau hauv daim duab daim duab uas koj yuav pom dab tsi lub Griot Moskovsky ntau yam Cherry zoo li thiab cov lus piav qhia ntawm tus yam ntxwv.
Diam duab
Yam ntxwv ntawm ntau yam
Cov lus qhia Cherry Griot Moscow yog ntau yam ntawm daim ntawv thov universal. Moscow griot yog Attendance zoo noj ob leeg nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tshiab thiab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov zaub mov tiav (jam, jams, thiab lwm yam). Versatility ntawm daim ntawv thov yog txawv los ntawm tib lub hnub nyoog, Volochaevka thiab Mayak.
Nws feature yog tug mus rau tus kheej-infertile ntau yam - qhov loj tshaj plaws ntawm cherries. Nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, qhov no ntau yam tsis muaj peev xwm fertilize los ntawm nws tus kheej-pollination ntawm lawv tus kheej paj.
Qhov no txhais tau hais tias rau kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm Fruiting Griot nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tau cog cov ntoo ntawm nws tus kheej-hom kab. Rau qhov no, Paj yeeb, Vladimirskaya, Shubinka, Shpanka Kurskaya, Orlovskaya Early thiab ib lub raj mis ntawm ib co lwm yam yog haum.
Cov ntoo ntawm Moscow Griot nyob nruab nrab ntawm 16-18 xyoo. Tsimnyog Fruiting pib ntawm 4 los yog 5 xyoos tom qab cog.
Nrog rau tag nrho cov kev cai nruj agronomic thiab nrog tu rau no qoob loo, nws muaj peev xwm ntawm qhov khoom tsim tau tshaj 15-17 kg ntawm ib tsob ntoo.
Tab sis nyob rau hauv kev xyaum, qhov nruab nrab nruab nrab tawm los yog tsawg, fluctuating tsis pub dhau 8-9 kg ntawm ib tsob ntoo, uas yog kwv yees li 6-8 tons ntawm tawm los ib hectare.
Raws li hais saum toj no, qhov no muaj ntau hom tsim rau central Russia, tsiag ntawv los ntawm kev nyab xeeb ntawm huab cua, tsis kub heev lub caij ntuj sov thiab lub frosty thiab heev heev winters nrog tag nrho cov ensuing txim rau lub thermophilic nyob rau hauv txujci kab lis kev cai.
Raws li ib tug ntawm xaiv xaiv, Griot Moskovsky ua tawm nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog nws cov qub clone. ntau lub caij ntuj no hardy. Raws li kev soj ntsuam, nws feem ntau tolerates lub Lavxias teb sab txias heev zoo.
High frost tsis kam yog qhia los ntawm ntau yam Nadezhda, Tsarevna, nyob rau hauv nco txog Enikeeva.
Txawm li cas los, yog hais tias huab cua txias heev, nws tuaj yeem ua rau khov ntawm hauv paus system, ceg ntoo thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo buds. Yog li ntawd, ib tug gardener uas hlob no ntau yam nyob rau hauv nws cuab ntxhiab yuav tsum khaws no feature nyob rau hauv lub siab thiab coj zoo ntsuas.
Cherry Griot Moscow hais txog cov varietal ntau yam. Nws cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, feem ntau tsim nyob rau tua ntawm thawj xyoo ntawm lub neej, yog kev lig kev cai ripen nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm los ntawm 15 mus rau 20 Lub Xya hli ntuj. Qhov cim tib yam yog pom los ntawm Ashinskaya Steppe thiab Lubskaya.
Lub saj ntawm ib tug txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripe txiv hmab txiv ntoo hloov qab zib, nrog ib tug qab ntxiag sourness. Yeej, lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm no ntau yam yog siv rau tshiab rooj noj. Tab sis feem ntau qhov no Cherry yog tseem processed rau hauv juices thiab preserves.
Vim nce juiciness kom thauj nws, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv loj qhov ntau, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog nrog zoo saib xyuas.
Kev xav txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj yooj yim, "portrait" ntawm Griot Moskovsky zoo li no:
| Muaj pes tsawg leeg | Cov naj npawb ntawm |
|---|---|
| Sahara | 10,6% |
| Dawb acids | 1,5% |
| Qhuav teeb meem | 13% |
Kev cog thiab kev kho mob
Rau qhov qub kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag tag nrho cov nuances yog ib qho tseem ceeb. Tau zoo nyob rau hauv lub cultivation ntawm Griot Moskovsky ntau yam, nws noj qab haus huv thiab durability yog pw nyob rau hauv thawj heev theem - lub theem ntawm xaiv ib qho chaw rau cog ib tug seedling.
Ib lub tshav kub-hlub cog los ntawm xwm nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw qhov twg yuav tsum muaj ntau lub hnub ci.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov chaw no yuav tsum muaj kev ruaj ntseg. kev tiv thaiv los ntawm lub caij ntuj no cua txias thiab hlawv lub caij ntuj sov qhuav cua. Feem ntau, xws li qhov chaw yog sab qab teb ntawm lub vaj.
Nws yog zoo dua cog ib tsob ntoo thaum caij nplooj ntoos hlav. Yog hais tias koj ua li no nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, ces muaj ib qho kev pheej hmoo tias cov tub ntxhais hluas thiab tseem qaug zog tsob tsuas yog khov nyob rau hauv lub blows ntawm lub caij ntuj no txias.
Yog hais tias tus txiv neej txiav txim siab los cog Griot Moscow nyob rau hauv lub Cuaj Hli Ntuj, lub seedling yog pom zoo kom zoo zoo prikopat.
Nws kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom muaj qhov zoo nrug ntawm cov ntoo thaum cog.
Txij li no ntau yam yog ib tug Bush daim ntawv, lub clearance ntawm nws cov neeg yuav tsum tsis pub tsawg tshaj 2 m nyob rau hauv ib tug kab thiab 2-2.5 m ntawm kab.
Sapling cia nyob rau hauv ib lub qhov nrog ib lub cheeb ntawm 60 cm thiab ib lub tob ntawm 50-60 cm, qhov twg fertilizer tau thov ua ntej. Hauv av tshem los ntawm lub pits yog tov nrog humus thiab poov tshuaj chloride.
Lub seedling ntxig rau hauv qhov dej yog instilled nrog resulting fertilized lub ntiaj teb thiab Ncuav 2-3 thoob rau yav tas los tiv thaiv dej txias.
Tom qab cov kua haus tag, cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm txoj hlua yuav tsum yog Promulchrovat sawdust. Ib txheej ntawm mulch ntawm 2-3 cm yuav tsis tso dej rau evaporate, thiab qhuav av yuav tawg.
On pruning yog muaj nqis mentioning, raws li yog pruning yog muaj nqis heev. Ua tsaug rau zoo-pruning, ib tug gardener tau, piv txwv li, kho cov suab thaj cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab theem ntawm cov ntoo tawm los, muab nroj tsuag nrog ntau endurance thiab tsis kam mus rau cov kab mob.
Kev tsim kom muaj lub yas yuav tsum tau ua tam sim ntawd tom qab tsaws. Nyob rau hauv rooj plaub no, cov ceg ntawm seedling yuav tsum tau txiav mus rau ib feem peb ntawm lawv ntev. Vim qhov no, cov yas yuav tsim kom raug.
Tsis tu ncua pruning ntawm cherries yog ua nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav, kwv yees li 18-20 hnub ua ntej Bud so.
Tib yam yuav tsum tau ua nyob rau hauv relation mus rau mob, qhuav ceg, nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm thinning lub thickened crown.
Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas tseem muaj txuam nrog kuj yog pruned yog hais tias lawv tig tawm mus dhau lawm ntev thiab mus rau hauv av.
Yog tias tsim tag nrho pruning, ceg yuav tsum tau txiav ntawm nws heev lub hauv paustsis tau tawm tom qab haujlwm ua haujlwm. Ntawm chav kawm, feem ntau muaj zog tshaj plaws thiab feem ntau cov ceg ntoo ceg tshwj xeeb yog khaws cia rau ntawm tsob ntoo.
Kab mob thiab kab tsuag
Qhov no yog Cherry muaj ncaj siab tiv thaiv kom scab. Vim li no, nws yog siv los ntawm ntau breeders raws li ib tug pub ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm tus kab mob no.
Txawm li cas los, lub Moscow Griot, zoo li ntau lwm yam laus ntau yam ntawm cherries, yeem rau cov kab mob fungal xws li coccomycosis thiab moniliasis.
Kuj ua rau coccomycosis yog pom los ntawm Zhukovskaya, Podbelskaya, Kharitonovskaya thiab Minx.
Coccomycosis uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev cuam tshuam rau ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntawm fungus Sossomuse khws, nrog los ntawm cov tsos ntawm nplooj ntawm xim av me ntsis ua ntej, thiab ces loj me ntsis. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub qab ntawm nplooj tawm npog ib yam ntxwv patina ntawm daj ntseg liab xim.
Tom qab ib lub sij hawm luv luv, cov nplooj yog massively showered, uas heev impairs qhov kev npaj ntawm tsob ntoo rau ib lub caij ntuj no txias.
Ob peb xyoos ntawm tus kab mob no yuav luag yeej ua rau kev tuag ntawm ib tug Cherry.
Txij li thaum fungal spores nyob rau hauv da dej nplooj, lawv yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm. Nws yuav tsum tau khawb cov av hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos zeeg thiab caij nplooj ntoos hlav.
Nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog los tshuaj tsuag lub foliage nrog ib tug 3% daws ntawm Bordeaux sib tov. Tom qab lub caij flowering tau dhau mus, ob lub txau ua nrog rau kev daws cov tooj liab oxychloride. Qhov thib peb txau ua tiav tom qab harvesting - txawm nrog ib tug daws ntawm tooj liab oxychloride, los yog nrog ib tug 1% daws ntawm Bordeaux sib tov.
Nplooj thiab ceg ntawm cov nroj tsuag cuam tshuam los ntawm moniliasis ua hlawv, yog li ntawd tus kab mob lawm tau txais nws ob lub npe - monilial hlawv Cov neeg mob tua tawg thiab tuag.
Lwm kos npe ntawm ib tug txaus ntshai tus kab mob yog cov tsos ntawm me me loj hlob ntawm ib grayish ntxoov ntxoo rau ntawm bark. Tib qho kev loj hlob ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo, raws li ib txoj cai, sai sai kawg nyob rau hauv lawv cov rotting.
Koj tuaj yeem tua monilioz nrog 3% ntawm ferrous sulfate los yog Bordeaux sib tov. Lawv kho cov ntoo thiab cov av nyob ib ncig ntawm nws ua ntej lub buds bud.
Raws li kev soj ntsuam tau ntxiv. fungicide txau (1% Bordeaux kua) tom qab flowering.
Txawm tias cov laus muaj hnub nyoog hauv lub Griot Moscow ntau, nws tseem yog ib qho kev sib txuas ntawm txhua lub rooj niaj hnub. Nws tsuas yog siv zog me ntsis xwb.
