Lub hom phiaj ntawm tag nrho cov gardeners yog ib tug nplua nuj sau ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Txawm li ntawd los, kom nws loj hlob koj yuav tsum tau tas li saib xyuas ntawm cov ntoo txiv hmab txiv ntoo, mus koom rau hauv kev tiv thaiv thiab kev kho mob ntawm cov kab mob. Thiab cov kev piam sij uas tos tsob ntoo tuaj coob heev. Ib tug pear yuav thos ntau ailments. Tom qab nyeem zaj lus no, koj yuav kawm txog cov kab mob ntau zaus ntawm pear, txog kev tiv thaiv thiab kev kho mob.
Kab mob hlawv
Koj puas tau pom dua qhov xim tsaus lossis xim dub rau ntawm nplooj ntoo, ceg ntoo thiab cov yas ntawm koj cov ntoo? Cov no yog cov cim qhia ntawm tus kab mob sib kis kab mob hlawv. Nws feem ntau cuam tshuam txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Cov kab mob Erwinia amylovora provoke tus kab mob no, lawv kis tau los ntawm kab, cua, nag.
Koj puas paub? Cov kab mob ntawm cov kab mob tau raug sau tseg hauv lub xyoo pua paub. Thiab tam sim no, rau ob thiab ib nrab ib-paus xyoo, tus kab mob no tau ua rau muaj kev tsis zoo rau cov vaj tse thoob qab ntuj.Kab mob pear hlawv yog qhov txaus ntshai heev. Nws muaj peev xwm kis tau rau cov ntoo zoo noj thaum xob laim thiab tseem ua rau lub txiaj ntsim zoo - qhov kawg kev puas ntawm lub vaj. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum pib mus tua cov hlawv twb nyob rau theem pib.
Kev kho mob. Thaum cov kab mob tshwm sim rau thawj theem, cov kab mob cuam tshuam yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm, thiab txiav yuav tsum ua tiav nrog 1% tooj liab sulphate kua (100 g ib 10 l dej) los yog 0.7% hlau sulphate (70 g ib 10 dej). Siv tau 5% ntawm Azofos, tshuaj tua kab mob: chloramphenicol, rifampicin, streptomycin, gentamicin, nalidixic acid thiab kanamycin nyob rau hauv ntau npaum li ntawm 1-2 ntsiav tshuaj / ampoules ib 5 liv dej (txaus rau 8-10 ntoo). Cov ntoo tau zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub Tsib Hlis thiab Lub Rau Hli. Nrog cov tsos ntawm inflorescences thiab thaum lub sij hawm flowering, kev kho mob nrog 1% Bordeaux kua kuj yuav zoo. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tseem ceeb kev puas tsuaj, mob pears thiab ntoo ntawm ib tug deb ntawm 5 m raug pom zoo kom tau uprooted thiab hlawv.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Xws li hom pears li Lykashovka, Conference, Favourite, Bere Gardi feem ntau poob mob nrog ib tug kab mob hlawv. Cov Moscow, Lub Ib Hlis thiab Muratov pears tau pom lawv tus kheej los ua tus tseem pheej.
Brown chaw
Thawj cov cim qhia ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau koj cov ntoo nrog xim av qhov chaw yuav muaj cai nyob rau hauv lig caij nplooj ntoos hlav - lub caij ntuj sov thaum ntxov. Cov nplooj yog them nrog xim av me ntsis. Lawv cov naj npawb yog nce txhua txhua hnub, thiab sai rau tag nrho nplooj ntoos xim av thiab ces ntog. Mob loj heev pears nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj thiab lub yim hli ntuj. Kev kho mob. Yog hais tias tus kab mob no yog pom nyob rau hauv cov ntoo, poob nplooj yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm kom zoo zoo. Vim hais tias qhov no yog ib hom kab mob fungal, qhov kev kho mob yuav tsum tau nqa tawm nrog antifungal cov neeg ua hauj lawm - tooj liab fungicides nyob rau hauv cov composition. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nco tias spraying yuav tsum tau nres tam sim ntawd tom qab pib ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Mus kov yeej xim av Bere, Kure, Ardanion, Clapp.
Scab
Feem ntau, pears tsim ib tug kab mob hu ua scab. Cov kab kua qaub, lub fungus Fusicladium pirinum, infects txiv hmab txiv ntoo, nplooj, thiab tua. Cov tsos mob tseem ceeb ntawm tus kab mob: cov txiv ntseej cov xim uas muaj lub velvety txheej rau hauv qab ntawm daim nplooj, nplooj ntog, ntuav cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab cov tawv ncauj ntawm lawv cov kua txob. Nyob rau hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, tsaus nti nrog ib lub ci ntug thiab xim av patina ua pom. Lub pear yog them nrog tawg, lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog deformed, acquires ib txwm, asymmetrical duab. 
Kev kho mob. Yog hais tias tus scab kis kab mob rau cov tub ntxhais hluas, tsuas yog txoj kev los tiv thaiv tus mob yog tshem tawm. Nws yog pom zoo kom kho nrog 1% Bordeaux sib tov, tooj liab oxide nyob rau hauv peb theem: thawj - nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm cov tsos ntawm buds; lub thib ob - sai li sai tau tom qab flowering; Qhov thib peb yog 15 hnub tom qab ob.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Resistant mus scab Muratovskaya, Rusanovskaya, Yanvarskaya pear.
Txiv Hmab Txiv Ntoo Rot (Moniliasis)
Yog hais tias koj mloog twb attracted rau xim av me ntsis ntawm pear txiv hmab txiv ntoo, ces feem ntau yuav, Monilia fructigena mushroom snuck rau hauv koj lub vaj teb, uas ua rau txiv hmab txiv ntoo rot los yog pear moniliosis. Tus kab mob sai sai - nyob rau hauv ib lub lim tiam lub fetus muaj peev xwm ua tag nrho xim av. Tom qab ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav pom cai dawb hlob. Lub cev nqaij daim tawv ua xoob thiab tsis qab. Mob pears caij nplooj ntoos zeeg, ib txhia tuaj yeem qhuav thiab nyob twj ywm ntawm ceg ntoo mus txog ob xyoos. Yog hais tias tus kab mob no tsis kho nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm, ces nws yuav provoke loj hlob ntawm pear ceg. Txoj kev sib kis ntawm rot yog tshwm sim los ntawm nruab nrab Lub Xya Hli mus rau Lub Yim Hli, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub caij sov thiab cov av qeeg. 
Kev kho mob. Yuav tsum muab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab cov ceg ntoo tua pov tseg. Lub txiav ntawm ceg yog tsim nyog los tsim ob qho tib si nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab nyob rau hauv Autumn. Kev pom zoo txau ntawm pears nrog fungicides thiab txhawb lawv cov kev tiv thaiv nrog kev pab ntawm basal hnav khaub ncaws los ntawm bioktayl ("Actofit", "Ecoberin", "Healthy Garden", "Baikal").
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Siab kev tiv thaiv rau moniliosis nyob rau hauv pears ntawm Cheremshin, Autumn npau suav, zib mu. Siab resistant rau txiv hmab txiv ntoo rot tau tseem tsis tau bred.
Mosaic kab mob
Mosaic kab mob yog feem ntau txaus ntshai rau pears. Cov tsos mob tshwm sim yog qhov muag daj daj los yog daj ntseg ntsuab me ntsis rau cov nplooj yau. Nws yog ua tau kom kis tau tus ntoo nrog tus kabmob thaum lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav.
Kev kho mob. Tu siab, tus kab mob no yog tsis kho. Cov ntoo thiab ntoo tsis tuaj yeem pab ntxiv. Lawv yuav tsum tau hlawv kom tus kab mob no tsis txav mus rau cov ntoo loj tuaj ze.
Dub fungus
Dub fungus yog ib hom kab mob ntawm nplooj thiab tua ntawm pear, nyob rau hauv uas foliage yog them nrog ib tug dub, soot-zoo li cov quav hniav. 
Kev kho mob. Txau cov ntoo nrog ib tug tooj liab-xab npum daws (5 g ntawm tooj liab sulphate thiab 150 g ntawm xab npum ib 10 liv dej), nrog ib tug daws ntawm Bordeaux sib tov los yog tooj liab oxychloride. Tag nrho cov kev tiv thaiv los ntawm dub fungus, tsuas yog ib hom ntawm pear - lub Cathedral.
Mealy dew
Ib qho yeeb yam cwj pwm ntawm lub pearry nrog powdery mildew yog ib grayish-whitish lo rau ntawm nplooj thiab buds, uas maj yuav liab. Sij hawm dhau mus, cov nplooj yog tais hauv nkoj. Powdery mildew tawm tsam tsuas yog cov nroj tsuag hluas, yog li qhov pib ntawm tus kab mob tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm los ntawm budding mus rau lub tsos ntawm thawj nplooj ntawv. Tus kab mob yog kis los ntawm parasitic fungus Erysiphales. 
Kev kho mob. Rau powdery mildew, tshuaj tua kab mob yog qhov zoo: terramycin, penicillin thiab streptomycin nyob rau hauv ib tug 1: 1 ratio. Kuj gardeners nrog kev pom zoo kom ua ib tug tov dej qab zib tshauv (50 g) nrog kua xab npum (10 g) nyob rau hauv 10 liv dej los yog txau nrog 1% daws ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Muscovite, Duhmyanaya thiab Lub Ib Hlis pears yog nrov rau lawv cov resistant powdery mildew tiv thaiv.
Xeb
Twb tau los ntawm lub npe ntawm tus kab mob no, nws yuav to taub tias nws cov tsos mob tseem ceeb yog tsaus txiv kab ntxwv (rusty) me ntsis ntawm nplooj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas tshwm sim thaum ntxov lub caij ntuj sov. Tom qab ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub yim hli ntuj, nws yog ib qhov ua tau pom conical (nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm papillae) kev loj hlob ntawm nplooj ntawm pear, tawm lawv cov underside. Tus neeg sawv cev ntawm tus kab mob no yog tus kab mob hu ua Gymnosporangium sabinae. Nrog ib tug muaj zog muaj tus kab mob nrog xeb, ob nplooj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo yog them, thiab tua. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, lub pear tus tiv thaiv txo thiab tus dav mob zuj zus. Qee lub sij hawm ib tsob ntoo uas tau raug tsim txom muaj mob tsis tu ncua kom txi txiv. 
Kev kho mob. Rau kev kho mob ntawm xeb ntawm pear thiab Kua xav tau pov tseg ntawm diseased nplooj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Gardeners hais tias kom tsis txhob nkag mus rau ntawm tus kab mob no mus rau hauv lub vaj teb, txau nrog ib tug daws ntawm urea, xiav vitriol, infusions ntawm ashes, marigolds, thiab horsetail muaj pov thawj lawv tus kheej. Kev kho cov ntoo yuav tsum raug pom zoo rau koj cov neeg zej zog. Yog hais tias tus kab mob no twb cuam tshuam koj cov plantings, ces tsis muaj ib txoj kev zoo dua rau txheej txheem pears nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov caij nplooj ntoos hlav nrog ib tug 1% daws ntawm Bordeaux sib tov, tsis muaj.
Tag nrho cov ntau yam ntawm pears yuav ua rusty.
Cov hauv paus mob cancer
Cov qog nqaij hlav cancer muaj nyob hauv cov nroj tsuag me. Nws yog los ntawm cov kab mob Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Khoom woody kev loj hlob ntawm ntau ntau thiab tsawg yog tsim nyob rau hauv keeb kwm thiab paus caj dab ntawm seedlings. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm disembarking diseased seedlings, cov kab mob uas ua rau paus cancer mob nyob tau nyob rau hauv cov av rau ob peb lub xyoo. 
Kev kho mob. Ua ntej cog lub seedlings lawv yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo kuaj thiab tshem tawm cov kab mob nrog paus cancer. Kev loj me me rau ntawm lub hauv paus keeb kwm yuav tsum tau txiav tawm, lub keeb kwm yog tsau tshuaj rau 5 feeb nyob rau hauv ib tug 1% daws ntawm tooj liab sulphate.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Feem ntau ruaj khov mus rau kab mob cancer qib - txiv qaub.
Dub txiv moj coos
Mob kheesxaws dub muaj feem xyuam rau cov tawv ntoo ntawm pob tw, cov ceg tawv thiab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Ua ntej, me me tawg lossis phom daim ntawv ntawm lub cortex, uas ntxiv nce, uas provokes so nyob rau hauv lub cortex. Cov xim ntawm cov xim av daj tuaj ncig ntawm lub qhov txhab.
Kev kho mob. Rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov tsos ntawm kev mob ntawm pear, poob nplooj yog kom zoo zoo muab tshem tawm thiab hlawv. Cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab cov kab txaij raug tshem tawm, cov qhov txhab tshiab yog smeared nrog tooj liab sulphate, av nplaum nrog mullein los yog tshwj xeeb lubricants. Inhibit kev loj hlob ntawm cov kabmob dub thiab fungicides.
Nws tseem ceeb heev! Siab tiv thaiv rau Antonov hluav taws yog pom nyob rau hauv pear ntau yam Avgustovskaya dew thiab Samaritan.
Cytosporosis
Qhov ua rau ntawm cytosporosis pears yuav freezing thiab sunburn. Nyob rau hauv cytosporosis, lub bark ntawm pear hloov liab-xim av thiab dries tawm. Nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw diseased, tubercles raug tsim - ib qho txuam ntawm tus neeg sawv cev ntawm tus neeg mob ntawm tus kab mob: tus kab mob Cytospora leucostoma. 
Kev kho mob. Daim ntawv qhia rau kev kho pear cytosporosis yog zoo tib yam nrog txoj kev kho mob rau cov kab mob cancer dub. Qhov no tus kab mob yuav tsum tsis txhob ntshai ntawm cov tswv ntawm Muscovites thiab lub January Pear.
Tawg nraub qaum nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij
Puas muaj cov kab nrib pleb hauv cov tawv ntoo ntawm koj cov txiv moj coos? Yog vim li cas qhov no yuav ua tau ntau - qhov no yog qhov kub tob (qhov dej khov, sunburns), thiab sib sib zog nqus cog ntawm cov ntoo hauv av, thiab kev txua tsis sib luag, thiab siv ntev thiab tsis siv tshuaj chiv.
Cov teebmeem ntawm cov ntoo tawg yog qeeb qeeb qeeb, qis zog thiab ntxov ntxov ntog ntawm txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab nplooj. Txawm li ntawd los, qhov tawg ntawm lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij ntawm pears tsis raws li txaus ntshai raws li cov teeb meem uas tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lawv tus keeb kwm: tus kab mob ntawm wounds nrog virus, cov kab mob, spores ntawm pathogenic fungi, qhov tsos ntawm rot.
Kev kho mob. Cov kev nruj kev tsis tuaj yeem tsis lees paub, lawv yuav tsum tau kho. Yuav pib, tu lub pob txha tawg kom muaj kev noj qab haus huv nrog rau cov hlau txhuam los yog muab txiav tawm nrog rau riam. Tom qab ntawd tus kaub puab yuav tsum tau kho nrog 1% los yog 3% Bordeaux kua los yog ib tus neeg sawv cev ntawm tus neeg mob antifungal. Ib cov tshuaj 3% ntawm ferrous sulfate yuav tau ua haujlwm. Cracked tawg cover nrog av nplaum, mullein los yog tshwj xeeb putty.
Koj puas paub? Nyob rau hauv cov neeg ntawm tus kab mob nrog xws li ib tug phem lub npe kuj paub nyob rau hauv lub npe "Anton hluav taws" los yog "hluav taws." Lawv tau pib hu nws tias vim hais tias lub vaj tsev raug mob zoo li kev cuam tshuam, cov ntoo saib tsob ntoo.
Pear Kab Mob Tiv Thaiv
Raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tib neeg cov kab mob, lub ntsiab taw tes rau tuav tswj kev loj hlob thiab fruiting ntawm pears yog nriaj tsis nrog txim, i.e. kev kho, thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Thaum ntxov koj pib tiv thaiv, qhov ntau dua koj yuav tsum sau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo zoo.
Yuav kom tiv thaiv kev ntsuas kom tsis txhob muaj tus mob ailments ntawm pears xws li:
- kev tu ncua kev tu ncua (tu thiab hlawv) ntawm nplooj poob;
- thinning thickened crowns;
- kev kho mob ntawm cov av qeeg;
- prophylactic 4-5-quav txau nrog 1% Bordeaux kua, 0.3% tshem tawm ntawm 90% tooj liab oxychloride, 1% suspension ntawm colloidal sulfur;
- cog resistant ntau yam ntawm tus kab mob nyob rau hauv koj cheeb tsam.
